Drought is increasing prevalently, mostly due to global warming, and harmful effects associated with drought stress include a reduction in the developmental phases of the plant life cycle. Drought stress affects vital metabolic processes in plants such as transpiration, photosynthesis, and respiration. The other physiological and cellular processes like protein denaturation and aggregation are also affected by drought. Drought stress severely affects the floral industry by reducing the yield of flowers and among them is chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum). In this study, we determined the critical signaling pathways, tolerance mechanism and homeostatic maintenance to drought stress in chrysanthemum. We compared the proteome of chrysanthemum leaves under drought stress. Among 250 proteins on 2DE gels, 30 protein spots were differentially expressed. These proteins were involved in major signaling pathways including, stress response, flower development, and other secondary metabolism like physiological transport, circadian rhythm, gene regulation, DNA synthesis, and protein ubiquitination. A reduction in a biomass, flower development, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, PSII yield, and stomatal index was also observed in our results. Moreover, the stress markers and leaf water potential were also analyzed to depict the level of stress tolerance in chrysanthemum. Our data suggested that chrysanthemum plants developed reactive oxygen species and revealed signaling pathways to cope with drought stress. These results, thus, provide crucial information about how chrysanthemum plants respond to drought stress to maintain homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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比较生理和蛋白质组学分析破译干旱胁迫下菊花的耐受性和稳态信号通路

干旱正在普遍增加，主要是由于全球变暖，与干旱胁迫相关的有害影响包括植物生命周期发育阶段的减少。干旱胁迫影响植物的重要代谢过程，如蒸腾作用、光合作用和呼吸作用。其他生理和细胞过程，如蛋白质变性和聚集，也受到干旱的影响。干旱压力会降低花卉产量，严重影响花卉业，其中包括菊花 (Dendranthema grandiflorum)。在这项研究中，我们确定了菊花对干旱胁迫的关键信号通路、耐受机制和稳态维持。我们比较了干旱胁迫下菊花叶的蛋白质组。在 2DE 凝胶上的 250 种蛋白质中，30个蛋白点差异表达。这些蛋白质参与了主要的信号通路，包括应激反应、花朵发育和其他次级代谢，如生理运输、昼夜节律、基因调控、DNA 合成和蛋白质泛素化。在我们的结果中还观察到生物量、花发育、光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、PSII 产量和气孔指数的减少。此外，还分析了胁迫标记和叶水势，以描述菊花的胁迫耐受水平。我们的数据表明，菊花植物产生了活性氧，并揭示了应对干旱胁迫的信号通路。因此，这些结果提供了关于菊花植物如何响应干旱胁迫以维持体内平衡的关键信息。本文受版权保护。版权所有。