Permafrost thaw has been widely observed to alter the biogeochemistry of recipient aquatic ecosystems. However, research from various regions has shown considerable variation in effect. In this paper, we propose a state factor approach to predict the release and transport of materials from permafrost through aquatic networks. Inspired by Hans Jenny's seminal description of soil‐forming factors, and based on the growing body of research on the subject, we propose that a series of state factors—including relief, ice content, permafrost extent, and parent material—will constrain and direct the biogeochemical effect of thaw over time. We explore state‐factor‐driven variation in thaw response using a series of case studies from diverse regions of the permafrost‐affected north, and also describe unique scaling considerations related to the mobile and integrative nature of aquatic networks. While our cross‐system review found coherent responses to thaw for some biogeochemical constituents, such as nutrients, others, such as dissolved organics and particles, were much more variable in their response. We suggest that targeted, hypothesis‐driven investigation of the effects of state factor variation will bolster our ability to predict the biogeochemical effects of thaw across diverse and rapidly changing northern landscapes.

中文翻译：

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景观问题：用状态因子方法预测永久冻土融化对水生网络的生物地球化学影响

已广泛观察到永久冻土融化会改变受体水生生态系统的生物地球化学。然而，来自不同地区的研究表明效果存在很大差异。在本文中，我们提出了一种状态因子方法来预测永久冻土中材料通过水网络的释放和运输。受 Hans Jenny 对土壤形成因素的开创性描述的启发，并基于对该主题的研究不断增加，我们提出一系列状态因素——包括地势、冰含量、永久冻土范围和母质——将限制和指导随着时间的推移解冻的生物地球化学效应。我们使用来自受永久冻土影响的北部不同地区的一系列案例研究来探索状态因素驱动的解冻响应变化，并且还描述了与水生网络的移动性和综合性相关的独特缩放考虑因素。虽然我们的跨系统审查发现某些生物地球化学成分（例如营养物质）对解冻的一致响应，但其他生物地球化学成分（例如溶解的有机物和颗粒）的响应变化更大。我们建议对状态因素变化的影响进行有针对性的、假设驱动的调查，这将增强我们预测在多样且快速变化的北部景观中解冻的生物地球化学影响的能力。