The mechanisms underlying the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify the key biological processes during osteogenic differentiation. To this end, we downloaded three microarray data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database: GSE12266, GSE18043 and GSE37558. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package, and enrichment analysis was performed. Protein‐protein interaction network (PPI) analysis and visualization analysis were performed with STRING and Cytoscape. A total of 240 DEGs were identified, including 147 up‐regulated genes and 93 down‐regulated genes. Functional enrichment and pathways of the present DEGs include extracellular matrix organization, ossification, cell division, spindle and microtubule. Functional enrichment analysis of 10 hub genes showed that these genes are mainly enriched in microtubule‐related biological changes, that is sister chromatid segregation, microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis, and spindle microtubule. Moreover, immunofluorescence and Western blotting revealed dramatic quantitative and morphological changes in the microtubules during the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells. In summary, the present results provide novel insights into the microtubule‐ and cytoskeleton‐related biological process changes, identifying candidates for the further study of osteogenic differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells.

中文翻译：

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有关人间充质干细胞成骨分化的生物学变化的生物信息学分析。

人类骨髓间充质干细胞（hBMSCs）成骨分化的潜在机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在确定成骨分化过程中的关键生物学过程。为此，我们从Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）数据库下载了三个微阵列数据集：GSE12266，GSE18043和GSE37558。使用limma程序包筛选差异表达的基因（DEG），并进行富集分析。使用STRING和Cytoscape进行了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络（PPI）分析和可视化分析。共鉴定出240个DEG，包括147个上调基因和93个下调基因。本DEG的功能富集和途径包括细胞外基质组织，骨化，细胞分裂，纺锤体和微管。对10个中枢基因的功能富集分析表明，这些基因主要富集于微管相关的生物学变化，即姐妹染色单体分离，参与有丝分裂的微管细胞骨架组织和纺锤体微管。此外，免疫荧光和蛋白质印迹揭示了在人类脂肪干细胞成骨分化过程中微管的数量和形态发生了巨大变化。总之，本研究结果为微管和细胞骨架相关的生物过程变化提供了新颖的见解，为进一步研究间充质干细胞的成骨分化确定了候选者。即姐妹染色单体分离，参与有丝分裂的微管细胞骨架组织和纺锤体微管。此外，免疫荧光和蛋白质印迹揭示了在人类脂肪干细胞成骨分化过程中微管的数量和形态发生了巨大变化。总之，本研究结果为微管和细胞骨架相关的生物学过程变化提供了新颖的见解，为进一步研究间充质干细胞的成骨分化确定了候选者。即姐妹染色单体分离，参与有丝分裂的微管细胞骨架组织和纺锤体微管。此外，免疫荧光和蛋白质印迹揭示了在人类脂肪干细胞成骨分化过程中微管的数量和形态发生了巨大变化。总之，本研究结果为微管和细胞骨架相关的生物学过程变化提供了新颖的见解，为进一步研究间充质干细胞的成骨分化确定了候选者。