Creatinine is an important diagnostic marker and is also used as a standardization tool for the quantitative evaluation of exogenous/endogenous substances in urine. This study aimed at evaluating and comparing three analytical approaches, based on hyphenations of different separation [two‐dimensional capillary isotachophoresis (CITP–CITP), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)] and detection [conductivity (CD), ultraviolet (UV), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)] techniques, for their ability to provide reliable clinical data along with their suitability for the routine clinical use (cost, simplicity, sample throughput). The developed UHPLC–MS/MS, CITP–CITP–CD, and CZE–UV methods were characterized by favorable performance parameters, such as linearity (r ˃ 0.99), precision (relative standard deviation, 0.22–2.97% for the creatinine position in analytical profiles), and recovery (87.1–115.1%). Clinical data, obtained from the analysis of 24 human urine samples by a reference enzymatic method, were comparable with those obtained by the tested methods (Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman analysis), approving their usefulness for the routine clinical use. In this context, the UHPLC–MS/MS method provides benefits of enhanced orthogonality/accuracy and high sample throughput (threefold shorter total analysis times than the CE methods), whereas advantages of the CE methods for routine labs are simplicity and low cost of both the instrumentation and measurements.

中文翻译：

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毛细管电泳和超高效液相色谱法在人尿肌酐临床监测中的比较研究。

肌酐是重要的诊断标记，也可用作定量评估尿液中外源/内源性物质的标准化工具。这项研究旨在评估和比较三种分析方法，基于不同分离的连接[二维毛细管等速电泳（CITP–CITP），毛细管区带电泳（CZE），超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）]和检测[电导率（CD），紫外线（UV），串联质谱（MS / MS）]技术，因为它们能够提供可靠的临床数据，并且适合常规临床使用（成本，简便性，样品通量）。已开发的UHPLC-MS / MS，CITP-CITP-CD和CZE-UV方法具有良好的性能参数，例如线性度（r0.99），精度（相对标准偏差，分析曲线中肌酐位置的0.22-2.97％）和回收率（87.1-115.1％）。通过参考酶法对24个人体尿液样品进行分析获得的临床数据与通过测试方法（Passing–Bablok回归和Bland–Altman分析）获得的数据可比，证明了它们在常规临床应用中的有用性。在这种情况下，UHPLC-MS / MS方法具有增强的正交性/准确性和高样品通量的优点（总分析时间比CE方法短三倍），而常规实验室的CE方法的优点是简单且成本低仪器和测量。