Smoking has been shown to affect glucose homeostasis and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and smoking are known to influence offspring birthweight. The effect of smoking on glucose homeostasis in pregnancy is less studied and the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on risk for GDM and to evaluate the impact of smoking and GDM on offspring birthweight.

中文翻译：

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吸烟对初产妇妊娠期糖尿病和后代出生体重的影响

吸烟已被证明会影响葡萄糖稳态并增加患 2 型糖尿病的风险。此外，已知妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 和吸烟会影响后代的出生体重。吸烟对妊娠期葡萄糖稳态的影响研究较少，结果也不一致。本研究的目的是评估吸烟对 GDM 风险的影响，并评估吸烟和 GDM 对后代出生体重的影响。