Kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Globally, many risk factors for kidney disease progression have been identified. The global prevalence of acute and chronic forms of kidney disease is rising continuously. Nephrotoxicity is defined as rapid dysfunction of kidney due to toxic influence of medications and chemicals. Nephroprotective agents are material that has potential to minimize the effects of nephrotoxic agents. Plants have been shown to be potential therapeutic agents to protect against nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of basil leaves extract against thioacetamide (TAA) in male rats. Experimental male rats were divided into four groups. Rats of the first group were served as controls. Rats of the second group were exposed to TAA. Rats of the third group were treated with basil leaves extract and TAA. Rats of the fourth group were treated with basil leaves extract. After the end of experimental duration (6 Weeks), rats of the second group showed significantly increases of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels, while the levels of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione were significantly decreased. Histopathologically, renal sections from rats treated with only TAA showed several alterations in the structure of most renal corpuscles including a degeneration of glomeruli and Bowman's capsules. Treatment with basil leaves extract improved the observed biochemical and histopathological changes induced by TAA intoxication. These new findings indicate that the extract of basil leaves represent protective roles on biochemical and histopathological changes induced by TAA toxicity due to its antioxidant activities.

肾脏疾病是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，已影响到全球数百万人。在全球范围内，已经确定了许多肾脏疾病进展的危险因素。急性和慢性形式的肾脏疾病的全球患病率持续上升。肾毒性被定义为由于药物和化学药品的毒性影响而导致的肾脏快速功能障碍。肾保护剂是具有使肾毒性剂的作用最小化的潜力的材料。已经证明植物是潜在的治疗剂，可以保护其免受肾毒性。本研究的目的是评估罗勒叶提取物对雄性大鼠中硫代乙酰胺（TAA）的肾脏保护作用。实验雄性大鼠分为四组。第一组作为对照组。第二组的大鼠暴露于TAA。第三组的大鼠用罗勒叶提取物和TAA处理。第四组的大鼠用罗勒叶提取物处理。实验持续时间（6周）结束后，第二组大鼠血清肌酐，血尿素氮和尿酸水平显着升高，而血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽水平则明显降低。在组织病理学上，仅用TAA治疗的大鼠的肾脏切片显示大多数肾小球的结构有几种改变，包括肾小球变性和Bowman胶囊。罗勒叶提取物处理改善了TAA中毒引起的生化和组织病理学变化。