Forest fires at the wildland-urban interface are generating increasing losses due to the expansion of cities into adjacent forests. At the same time, urban green open spaces are highly valuable as sources of recreational, educational and aesthetic benefits. Tradeoffs may arise between the desire to preserve peri-urban forests for cultural ecosystem services and the need to manage them to enhance the regulatory capacity of the ecosystem and reduce fire risk. In this paper, we assess cultural services and fire regulating services in the urban forest of the city of Haifa (Israel) using participatory GIS mapping, and we look at tradeoffs between these services. We interviewed intensive users of the green spaces of the city and fire experts regarding the location of these services and preferences about selected vegetation management strategies to reduce fire risk. Green space users promoted the idea of a pristine environment and its conservation, mainly for recreational purposes, while fire experts suggested that vegetation management is needed although this would bring about changes in the landscape. Tradeoffs between cultural and regulating services can thus generate conflicts. We conclude by suggesting ways seemingly opposing objectives can be reconciled to reduce fire risk at wildland-urban interface and in a lasting way.

由于城市扩展到邻近的森林，在荒野与城市交界处的森林大火造成了越来越多的损失。同时，城市绿色开放空间作为娱乐，教育和美学利益的来源非常有价值。在保护郊区森林以提供文化生态系统服务的需求与对其进行管理以增强生态系统的监管能力并降低火灾风险之间可能需要权衡取舍。在本文中，我们使用参与式GIS映射评估了海法（以色列）城市森林中的文化服务和消防服务，并研究了这些服务之间的权衡。我们采访了城市绿地的密集用户和消防专家，了解这些服务的地点以及对降低火灾风险的某些植被管理策略的偏好。绿地使用者主要出于娱乐目的而提倡原始环境及其保护的观念，而消防专家则建议进行植被管理，尽管这会带来景观变化。因此，文化服务与规范服务之间的权衡会产生冲突。最后，我们提出了可以调和看似相反的目标并以持久的方式减少野外与城市交界处火灾风险的方法。火灾专家建议进行植被管理，尽管这会带来景观变化。因此，文化服务与规范服务之间的权衡会产生冲突。最后，我们提出了可以调和看似相反的目标并以持久的方式减少野外与城市交界处火灾风险的方法。火灾专家建议进行植被管理，尽管这会带来景观变化。因此，文化服务与规范服务之间的权衡会产生冲突。最后，我们提出了可以调和看似相反的目标并以持久的方式减少野外与城市交界处火灾风险的方法。