Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health concern associated with several comorbidities. Various health problems related to AUD, such as cognitive deficits, have been linked to neuroinflammation. Alcohol use has been associated with changes in neuroimmune activity, although current literature has yielded mixed results. For example, markers of gliosis, including translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, glutamate (Glu), and myo-inositol (mI), are disrupted in the alcohol-dependent brain. Further, neuroinflammatory-related phenomena including membrane turnover, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and adenosine release have also shown alterations in AUD. However, current literature remains inconclusive about the directionality of these changes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided insight on the relationship between alcohol use and neuroinflammatory processes, suggesting considerable treatment potential for alcohol use disorder and its inflammatory comorbidities. Here, we review current neuroimaging literature assessing the impacts of alcohol use on neuroimmune activity in the brain.

酒精使用障碍（AUD）是一种与多种合并症相关的全球性健康问题。与AUD相关的各种健康问题，例如认知缺陷，都与神经炎症有关。酒精的使用与神经免疫活性的变化有关，尽管目前的文献得出了不同的结果。例如，在酒精依赖型大脑中，神经胶质化的标志物（包括转运蛋白18-kDa（TSPO），促炎性细胞因子，谷氨酸（Glu）和肌醇（mI））被破坏。此外，包括膜更新，血脑屏障（BBB）渗透性和腺苷释放在内的神经炎症相关现象也显示出AUD的改变。但是，当前的文献对于这些变化的方向性尚无定论。体内和体外研究均提供了关于饮酒与神经炎性过程之间关系的见解，表明对于饮酒障碍及其炎性合并​​症有相当大的治疗潜力。在这里，我们回顾了当前的神经影像学文献，这些文献评估了饮酒对大脑神经免疫活性的影响。