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Direct and indirect effects of roads on activity patterns of the largest South American artiodactyl (Lama guanicoe) in a hyper-arid landscape
Mammalian Biology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00035-9
Flavio M. Cappa , Stella M. Giannoni , Yamila Ontiveros , Carlos E. Borghi

The effects of roads on natural environments have been studied in many places around the world. The presence of roads can be considered for native animals as a disturbance stimulus. Besides, roads can facilitate arrival and entry of alien species, such as domestic and feral ungulates, which sometimes compete with native species. Due to this, we assessed if the presence of roads affect directly or indirectly, through the presence of non-native ungulates, the activity patterns of the guanaco, a native ungulate. Sampling was conducted during three years, in two types of roads. We used camera traps at different distances from these infrastructures. We found that the abundance of guanacos was not affected by that of non-native ungulates, but it was higher in the dry than in the wet season. In relation to activity patterns, the guanaco showed a diurnal activity pattern with an activity peak at 12:00 h. Moreover, donkeys showed cathemeral activity pattern, whereas cattle had the same activity pattern as guanacos, causing a switch to bimodal activity pattern of guanacos in the presence of cattle. We proved an indirect effect of roads, a temporal segregation of guanacos probably caused by cattle. Our results demonstrate that the activity pattern of guanacos changes from unimodal to bimodal near the paved road, probably due to the high abundance of cattle near these areas. Our findings also highlight the need for further studies to discriminate between direct and indirect effects of roads on wildlife in South American deserts.

中文翻译:

道路对超干旱景观中最大的南美偶蹄动物(Lama guanicoe)活动模式的直接和间接影响

世界上许多地方都研究了道路对自然环境的影响。对于本地动物来说,道路的存在可以被视为一种干扰刺激。此外,道路可以促进外来物种的到来和进入,例如有时与本地物种竞争的家养和野生有蹄类动物。因此,我们评估了道路的存在是否会通过非本地有蹄类动物的存在直接或间接影响原驼(一种本地有蹄类动物)的活动模式。采样是在三年内在两种类型的道路上进行的。我们在距这些基础设施不同距离的地方使用了相机陷阱。我们发现原驼的丰度不受非本地有蹄类动物的影响,但旱季高于雨季。关于活动模式,原蜥蜴显示出昼夜活动模式,活动高峰在 12:00 h。此外,驴显示出导管活动模式,而牛具有与原蜥蜴相同的活动模式,导致在牛存在的情况下,原蜥蜴的活动模式转变为双峰活动模式。我们证明了道路的间接影响,可能是由牛引起的原蜥蜴的时间隔离。我们的结果表明,在铺好的道路附近,原蜥的活动模式从单峰变为双峰,这可能是由于这些区域附近的牛数量高。我们的研究结果还强调需要进一步研究以区分道路对南美沙漠野生动物的直接和间接影响。而牛与 guanacos 具有相同的活动模式,导致在牛的存在下转为双峰活动模式。我们证明了道路的间接影响,可能是由牛引起的原蜥蜴的时间隔离。我们的结果表明,在铺好的道路附近,原蜥的活动模式从单峰变为双峰,这可能是由于这些区域附近的牛数量高。我们的研究结果还强调需要进一步研究以区分道路对南美沙漠野生动物的直接和间接影响。而牛与 guanacos 具有相同的活动模式,导致在牛的存在下转为双峰活动模式。我们证明了道路的间接影响,可能是由牛引起的原蜥蜴的时间隔离。我们的结果表明,在铺好的道路附近,原蜥的活动模式从单峰变为双峰,这可能是由于这些区域附近的牛数量高。我们的研究结果还强调需要进一步研究以区分道路对南美沙漠野生动物的直接和间接影响。我们的结果表明,在铺好的道路附近,原蜥的活动模式从单峰变为双峰,这可能是由于这些区域附近的牛数量高。我们的研究结果还强调需要进一步研究以区分道路对南美沙漠野生动物的直接和间接影响。我们的结果表明,在铺好的道路附近,原蜥的活动模式从单峰变为双峰,这可能是由于这些区域附近的牛数量高。我们的研究结果还强调需要进一步研究以区分道路对南美沙漠野生动物的直接和间接影响。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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