Abstract

Regressive development is widespread in peatlands of the northern hemisphere; a new type of peatlands—regressive bogs—should be introduced in addition to the traditional peatland types, such as eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic peatlands. Diagnostic features and classification of soils typical of regressive bogs have already been discussed in relevant scientific literature. However, there are virtually no data on the microbiological analysis of soils of the aforementioned bog types. The aim of this study is to identify structural and functional organization of the microbial communities in soils of a regressive noncryogenic bog (sampling area in Tver oblast of the West Dvina Forest-Bog Station of the Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences). Numerous black bare peat spots without sphagnum mats, from 0.05 to 1 m² in area demonstrate a high degree of regressive process at the studied bog. Data on the number and biomass of microorganisms were obtained by direct method of fluorescence microscopy. The taxonomic composition of bacterial and fungal communities was determined by plate method, while direct microscopy was used for algal communities. The CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were analyzed using chamber method. It was found that the total microbial biomass in the soils under regressive spots is higher than in the soils without any features of regressive process; the regressive peat mat had its own biomass reaching 50% of the total biomass in the active layer. Algae predominate in the biomass of regressive peat mats. Bacteria and fungi constitute 13–26% of the total biomass of regressive peat mats. Regressive mats are characterized by a high number of algae and bacteria. It should be noted that all algae genera found in the regressive peat mats represent the species characteristic of oligotrophic peatlands. Fungi of regressive peat mats were represented by mycelium and spores. During the wet period, the length of fungal mycelium rapidly increased by one–two orders of magnitude and reached 2–4 km/g. The domination of Penicillium miczynskii and Umbelopsis vinacea species, which typically predominate in eutrophic peatlands, can be considered a specific feature of the micromycetal complex of the regressive peat mat. Regressive peat mats are characterized by higher rates of plant residues mineralization because of the accumulation of nitrogen. This leads to an increase in the carbon dioxide emission, on the one hand, and to an inhibition of methanogenesis, on the other hand.

中文翻译：

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非低温退化沼泽土壤中微生物群落的结构

摘要

回归发展在北半球的泥炭地中很普遍。除了传统的泥炭地类型（例如富营养，中营养和贫营养的泥炭地）之外，还应引入一种新型的泥炭地（回归沼泽）。有关回归沼泽的典型土壤的诊断特征和分类已经在相关的科学文献中进行了讨论。但是，实际上没有关于上述沼泽类型土壤的微生物分析数据。这项研究的目的是确定退化的非低温沼泽土壤中的微生物群落的结构和功能组织（俄罗斯科学院森林研究所西德维纳森林沼泽站特维尔州的采样区）。从0.05到1 m的无泥炭黑的许多黑色裸泥炭斑面积²表明在研究的沼泽中有高度的退化过程。微生物数量和生物量的数据通过直接荧光显微镜法获得。细菌和真菌群落的分类学组成通过平板方法确定，而直接显微镜用于藻类群落。CO ₂和CH ₄使用腔室法分析排放。结果表明，回归点下土壤中的总微生物量比没有回归过程的土壤中的总微生物量高。回归式泥炭垫具有自己的生物量，达到活性层总生物量的50％。回归泥炭垫的生物量中藻类占主导地位。细菌和真菌占退化泥炭垫总生物量的13–26％。回归垫的特征是大量藻类和细菌。应该指出的是，在退化泥炭垫中发现的所有藻类均代表贫营养泥炭地的物种特征。退化泥炭垫的真菌以菌丝体和孢子为代表。在湿润时期，真菌菌丝体的长度迅速增加了1-2个数量级，达到了2– 4公里/克。通常认为在富营养化泥炭地中占主导地位的密闭青霉和伞形葡萄菌物种的统治，可以认为是退化泥炭垫的微菌丝复合体的特定特征。退化的泥炭垫的特征是由于氮的积累，植物残渣矿化的速率更高。一方面，这导致二氧化碳排放的增加，另一方面，导致甲烷生成的抑制。