Abstract

Data on air and soil temperatures at the Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon weather stations in the East Siberian permafrost-taiga region are analyzed. The soils are represented by permafrost-affected sandy podzolized podbur (Verkhoyansk) and loamy soddy soil (Oymyakon). Recent decades have been the period of steady warming; average annual air temperature in 2001–2010 exceeded the climatological normal (1961–1990) by 1.4–1.5°C. An increase in air temperature is observed both in the cold and warm seasons. The temperature response of sandy and loamy soils to this warming is different. In the cold season, both soils are characterized by some rise in temperatures. In the warm season, the sandy soil demonstrates an increase in temperature and in the seasonal thawing depth, whereas the loamy soil is characterized by some a decrease in temperature and in the thawing depth. The importance of the snow cover as a factor slowing down soil freezing in the fall and soil thawing in the spring is demonstrated. The soil water and ice contents are also important factors affecting soil temperatures. It is shown that the freezing of both soils and their preservation in the frozen state take place at temperatures established at the snow/soil contact. In the coldest month (January), these temperatures in Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon are 12.6 and 14.3°C higher than air temperatures and 14.9 and 16.0°C higher than temperatures at the surface of the snow cover, respectively. The decrease in summer temperatures of the permafrost-affected loamy soil is explained by a higher heat consumption for the ice–water phase transition during the soil thawing.

中文翻译：

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在年平均气温升高的背景下，生长季节中受多年冻土影响的土壤温度的多方向变化

摘要

分析了东西伯利亚多年冻土-taiga地区的Verkhoyansk和Oymyakon气象站的空气和土壤温度数据。土壤以受多年冻土影响的沙质荚果化的荚果（Verkhoyansk）和壤质的水润土壤（Oymyakon）为代表。最近几十年一直是持续升温的时期。2001–2010年的年平均气温比气候正常水平（1961–1990）高1.4–1.5°C。在寒冷和温暖的季节都观察到气温升高。沙质和壤土对这种变暖的温度响应是不同的。在寒冷季节，两种土壤的特征都是温度升高。在温暖的季节，沙质土壤表现出温度升高和季节性解冻深度增加，而壤土的特征是温度和解冻深度有所降低。事实证明，积雪的重要性是减缓秋天土壤冻结和春季土壤融化的因素。土壤水和冰的含量也是影响土壤温度的重要因素。结果表明，两种土壤的冻结及其在冻结状态下的保存都是在雪/土接触时确定的温度下进行的。在最冷的月份（1月），Verkhoyansk和Oymyakon的这些温度分别比空气温度高12.6和14.3°C和比雪盖表面温度高14.9和16.0°C。