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Back to the basics: reconciling the continuum and orthogonal conceptions of exploration and exploitation
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s10588-020-09311-y
Sasanka Sekhar Chanda , Bill McKelvey

Extant research is vertically divided on the question whether exploration and exploitation constitute two ends of a continuum or whether they are orthogonal activities. We suggest that both characterizations are admissible, albeit under different sets of assumptions. Using March’s iconic model, we demonstrate that the continuum conception concerns leveraging an organization’s internal knowledge heterogeneity where managers use their prior knowledge and experiences to formulate actions to attain the maximum possible extent of organizational knowledge at equilibrium. In contrast, the orthogonal conception mainly concerns assimilating heterogeneous knowledge from sources outside the organization through risky experimentation, leading to order-creation in systems operating in far-from-equilibrium conditions. We further demonstrate that the change in outcome obtained by switching from low to high rate of exploitation is larger—and therefore easier to detect—for the continuum conception. We speculate that many managers and researchers favor conceptualizing exploration–exploitation in the continuum sense, for this reason. Moreover, companies obtain far higher organizational knowledge by functioning in the orthogonal mode, than what is attainable by functioning in the continuum mode. Organizations should, therefore, strive to create conditions that foster cultivation of outside knowledge through autonomous actions of employees.

中文翻译:

回到基础:调和勘探和开发的连续性和正交性概念

现有的研究在以下问题上进行了垂直划分:勘探和开发是否构成一个连续体的两端,或者它们是否是正交活动。我们建议,尽管在不同的假设集下,这两种表征都是可以接受的。使用March的标志性模型,我们证明了连续性概念涉及利用组织的内部知识异质性,在这种异质性中,管理者使用其先前的知识和经验来制定行动,以在平衡状态下获得最大程度的组织知识。相反,正交概念主要涉及通过风险实验从组织外部的源吸收异类知识,从而导致在远离平衡条件下运行的系统中产生订单。我们进一步证明,对于连续统概念,通过从低利用率转换为高利用率而获得的结果变化更大,因此更容易发现。我们推测,由于这个原因,许多管理人员和研究人员都倾向于从连续性的角度来概念化勘探与开发。而且,与通过连续模式运行相比,通过正交模式运行,公司可以获得更高的组织知识。因此,组织应努力创造条件,通过员工的自主行动促进对外部知识的培养。我们推测,由于这个原因,许多管理人员和研究人员都倾向于从连续性的角度来概念化勘探与开发。而且,与通过连续模式运行相比,通过正交模式运行,公司可以获得更高的组织知识。因此,组织应努力创造条件,通过员工的自主行动促进对外部知识的培养。我们推测,由于这个原因,许多管理人员和研究人员都倾向于从连续性的角度来概念化勘探与开发。而且,与通过连续模式运行相比,通过正交模式运行,公司可以获得更高的组织知识。因此,组织应努力创造条件,通过员工的自主行动促进对外部知识的培养。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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