Ecosystems provide multiple services that are necessary to maintain human life and activities. Agroecosystems are very productive suppliers of biomass-related provisioning ecosystem services, e.g. food, fibre and energy. At the same time, they are highly dependent on respective ecosystem condition and regulating ecosystem services such as soil fertility, water supply or soil erosion regulation. Assessments of this interplay of ecosystem conditions and services are very important to understand the relationships in highly managed systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: First, to test the concept and indicators proposed by the European Union Working Group on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) for the assessment of agroecosystem condition at a regional level. Second, to identify the relationships between ecosystem condition and the delivery of ecosystem services. For this purpose, we applied an operational framework for integrated mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services. We used the proposed indicators to assess the condition of agroecosystems in Northern Germany and the provision of the regulating ecosystem service control of erosion rates. We used existing data that are available from official databases for the calculation of the different indicators. We show maps of environmental pressures, ecosystem condition and ecosystem service indicators for the Federal State of Lower Saxony. Furthermore, we identified areas within the state where pressures are high, conditions are limited, and more sustainable management practices are needed. Despite the limitations of the indicators and data availability, our results show positive, negative and no significant correlations between the different pressures and condition indicators, and the control of erosion rates. Although the idea behind the MAES framework is to show the general condition of an ecosystem, when looking at the relationships between condition and ecosystem services, we identified that not all the indicators - as they are proposed- are suitable to explain to what extent ecosystems are able to provide certain ecosystem services. Further research on other ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems would facilitate the identification of synergies and trade-offs. Moreover, the definition of a reference condition, although complicated for anthropogenically highly modified agroecosystems, would provide a benchmark to compare information on the condition of the ecosystems, leading to better land use policy and management decisions.

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评估德国北部农业生态系统状况与土壤侵蚀调节生态系统服务之间的关系

生态系统提供维持人类生活和活动所必需的多种服务。农业生态系统是与生物质有关的供应生态系统服务（例如食品，纤维和能源）的高产供应商。同时，它们高度依赖各自的生态系统状况并调节生态系统服务，例如土壤肥力，供水或土壤侵蚀调节。对生态系统条件和服务之间这种相互作用的评估对于理解高度管理的系统中的关系非常重要。因此，本研究的目的是双重的：首先，测试由欧盟生态系统及其服务制图和评估工作组（MAES）提出的概念和指标，用于在区域一级评估农业生态系统的状况。第二，确定生态系统状况与生态系统服务提供之间的关系。为此，我们将操作框架应用于生态系统及其服务的综合制图和评估。我们使用拟议的指标来评估德国北部农业生态系统的状况，并提供对侵蚀速率的调节性生态系统服务控制。我们使用可从官方数据库获得的现有数据来计算不同指标。我们显示了下萨克森联邦州的环境压力，生态系统状况和生态系统服务指标的地图。此外，我们确定了州内压力高，条件有限且需要更可持续的管理实践的区域。尽管指标和数据可用性受到限制，但我们的结果显示，不同压力和状况指标与侵蚀速率控制之间存在正相关，负相关且无显着相关性。尽管MAES框架背后的想法是显示生态系统的总体状况，但在研究状况与生态系统服务之间的关系时，我们发现并非所有指标（如建议的那样）都适合于解释生态系统在何种程度上能够提供某些生态系统服务。对农业生态系统提供的其他生态系统服务的进一步研究将有助于确定协同作用和取舍。此外，参考条件的定义，尽管对于人为高度修饰的农业生态系统而言比较复杂，