Abstract

Introduction

Chronotype refers to a preference for morning hours (morningness) vs. evening hours (eveningness) when individuals tend to feel their best (e.g., higher energy levels). People may be classified at either end of this spectrum or along a continuum between these preferences. Among adolescents, eveningness is positively related to depression and anxiety, whereas morningness is negatively related to depression. However, less is known about the relationship of chronotype and psychological health in pre-teens and Latinx youth. The present study explored associations of morningness/eveningness with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress among Latinx pre-adolescents in Southern California.

Methods

A purposive sample of 100 Latinx children, ages 10-12 years old, completed self-report surveys in their homes or a preferred location chosen by the parent. Measures included the Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children (higher scores indicate morning preference), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (higher scores indicate higher anxiety, depression and stress, respectively). Associations were tested with Pearson correlations.

Results

The sample was 47% male with a mean±SD age of 10.9±0.8 years. Average score for morningness/eveningness was M=30.2±4.4 (range: 18-41), for anxiety symptoms was M=0.7±0.7 (range: 0-2.8), for depression symptoms was M=0.5±0.4 (range: 0-1.9) and for perceived stress was M=15.2±5.8 (range: 2-30). Greater morningness/eveningness scores, indicating more morningness, were associated with lower scores for anxiety symptoms (r=-.41, p<.001), depressive symptoms (r=-.36, p<.001) and perceived stress (r=-.33, p=.001).

Conclusion

As has been found for adolescents, higher morningness in Latinx pre-teens was related to less frequent anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as lower perceived stress. Youth experience a circadian phase delay during adolescence, shifting their preference toward eveningness, which may exacerbate stressors and negative mental health. Therefore, interventions to promote psychological well-being in pre-adolescents may help prevent worse psychological outcomes in Latinx children as they transition to adolescence.

Support

This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers UL1GM118979, TL4GM118980, and RL5GM118978.

中文翻译：

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0320拉丁裔前青少年的早晨/晚上心理相关

摘要

介绍

计时型是指当个人倾向于感觉最好时（例如，较高的能量水平），他们倾向于早上（早上）相对于晚上（晚上）。人们可以在此范围的两端或这些偏好之间的连续区域进行分类。在青少年中，晚上与抑郁和焦虑呈正相关，而早晨与抑郁和抑郁呈负相关。但是，对于青春期前和拉丁裔青少年的表型与心理健康的关系知之甚少。本研究探讨了南加州拉丁裔青少年中早晨/晚上与焦虑症状，抑郁症状和感觉到的压力之间的关系。

方法

目的样本为100名年龄在10至12岁之间的拉丁裔儿童，在他们的住所或父母选择的首选地点完成了自我报告调查。措施包括儿童的早晨/傍晚量表（较高的分数表示早晨的偏爱），修订的儿童焦虑和抑郁量表以及感知的压力量表（较高的分数分别表示较高的焦虑，抑郁和压力）。通过皮尔逊相关性对关联进行了测试。

结果

样本为47％的男性，平均±SD年龄为10.9±0.8岁。早晨/晚上平均得分为M = 30.2±4.4（范围：18-41），焦虑症状的得分为M = 0.7±0.7（范围：0-2.8），抑郁症状的得分为M = 0.5±0.4（范围：0 -1.9），感知压力为M = 15.2±5.8（范围：2-30）。早晨/傍晚得分越高，表示早晨越多，则焦虑症状（r =-。41，p <.001），抑郁症状（r =-。36，p <.001）和知觉压力（r =-。33，p = .001）。

结论

正如青少年所发现的那样，拉丁裔青少年时期较高的早晨与较少的焦虑和抑郁症状以及较低的感知压力有关。青年时期在青春期经历了昼夜节律的延迟，将他们的偏爱转移到了晚间，这可能加剧压力源和负面的心理健康。因此，在拉丁裔儿童过渡到青春期的过程中，采取干预措施以促进其青春期前的心理健康可能有助于防止其心理状况恶化。

支持

这项工作得到了国立卫生研究院的国立普通医学科学研究所的支持，授予的编号为UL1GM118979，TL4GM118980和RL5GM118978。