Abstract

Introduction

Daytime neurobehavioral impairments are commonly associated with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. However, a large number of studies have shown only minimal differences in sleep between children with SDB relative to control children, suggesting that sleep dysfunction is not responsible for daytime impairment. Importantly, however, previous studies have measured sleep EEG using only frontal scalp electrodes, failing to capture the regional features of sleep that are prominent during development. Here we measure sleep using hdEEG in SDB and healthy children to determine if regional sleep impairment is related to daytime neurobehavioral performance.

Methods

Overnight high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 256 channels) was recorded in 17 children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) (age: M = 8.46, SD = 1.82, AHI: M = 11.3, SD = 8.6, 53% female) and 17 age and sex matched controls (age: M = 8.47, SD = 1.66, AHI: M = 1.5, SD = .64). Attentional capacity was assessed using the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) before and after sleep. Group differences in sleep macrostructure variables were assessed using unpaired t-tests. All-night spectral analysis was performed for NREM sleep and averaged across groups. Topographic differences between groups were assessed using statistical non-parametric mapping. Pearson correlations were used to determine associations between sleep and TOVA variables.

Results

Sleep macrostructure did not differ between groups. All-night spectral density analysis revealed a global increase in high-frequency activity in N2N3 and N3, in the alpha band (8-12 Hz, p<0.05). Global alpha power was higher in SDB youth, although this effect reached significance during N3 in a large cluster of posterior channels (N=55, p=.02).

Conclusion

Elevated alpha during NREM is frequently considered a correlate of nonrestorative sleep. In this sample of youth with SDB, posterior alpha is robustly increased during the deepest stage of NREM sleep. In this small sample, however, alpha power did not predict performance on an attentional task sensitive to the effects of impaired sleep.

Support

R21 HD092986-02 to SJ

中文翻译：

---

0340睡眠障碍性呼吸的青年人睡眠脑电图功率的区域变化：一项高密度脑电图研究

摘要

介绍

白天的神经行为障碍通常与儿童睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）有关。但是，大量研究表明，与对照儿童相比，SDB儿童之间的睡眠差异很小，这表明睡眠功能障碍与白天的障碍无关。但是重要的是，以前的研究仅使用额头皮电极测量了睡眠脑电图，未能捕捉到发育过程中突出的睡眠区域特征。在这里，我们使用hdEEG在SDB和健康儿童中测量睡眠，以确定区域性睡眠障碍是否与白天的神经行为表现有关。

方法

在17例睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）儿童中记录了隔夜高密度脑电图（hdEEG，256个通道）（年龄：M = 8.46，SD = 1.82，AHI：M = 11.3，SD = 8.6，53％的女性）和17年龄和性别匹配的对照组（年龄：M = 8.47，SD = 1.66，AHI：M = 1.5，SD =.64）。在睡眠之前和之后，使用注意变量测试（TOVA）评估注意能力。使用未配对的t检验评估睡眠宏观结构变量的组差异。对NREM睡眠进行整夜频谱分析，并将其平均化。使用统计非参数映射评估组之间的地形差异。皮尔逊相关性用于确定睡眠与TOVA变量之间的关联。

结果

两组之间的睡眠宏观结构无差异。整夜的频谱密度分析显示，N2N3和N3在α波段（8-12 Hz，p <0.05）的高频活动总体增加。SDB青年中的总体α功率更高，尽管在N3期间在较大的后通道簇中此效应达到了显着水平（N = 55，p = .02）。

结论

NREM期间α水平升高通常被认为是非恢复性睡眠的相关因素。在此样本的SDB青年中，在NREM睡眠的最深阶段，后验α明显增加。但是，在这个小样本中，alpha功效无法预测对注意力受损的睡眠敏感的注意力任务的表现。

支持

R21 HD092986-02至SJ