Aggressive behavior is widely observed in animal species for acquiring important resources and usually includes both dangerous and nondangerous fighting patterns. Only a few species show dangerous fighting patterns that are defined by fights ending with contestants being severely injured or killed. Prior experience, an important factor in many species, has been demonstrated to affect a contestant’s subsequent fighting behavior. Few studies have focused on the effect of experience on aggression involving dangerous fighting patterns. Here, an egg parasitoid wasp, Anastatus disparis, which shows extreme and dangerous fighting behavior to acquire mating opportunities, was used as an experimental model. Our results showed that the fighting intensity of the winning males significantly decreased subsequent fighting behavior, which was inconsistent with general predictions. Transcriptomic analyses showed that many genes related to energy metabolism were downregulated in winners, and winners increased their fighting intensity after dietary supplementation. Our study suggested that fighting in A. disparis is a tremendous drain on energy. Thus, although males won at combat, significant reductions in available energy constrained the intensity of subsequent fights and influenced strategic decisions. In addition, winners might improve their fighting skills and abilities from previous contests, and their fighting intensity after dietary supplementation was significantly higher than that of males without any fighting experience. Generally, in A. disparis, although winners increased their fighting ability with previous experience, the available energy in winners was likely to be a crucial factor affecting the intensity and strategic decisions in subsequent fights.

中文翻译：

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获胜经验对Disparis（Hymenoptera：Eupelmidae）涉及危险战斗行为的攻击行为的影响。

在动物物种中，为获得重要资源而广泛观察到攻击性行为，通常包括危险和非危险的战斗方式。只有极少数的物种表现出危险的战斗方式，这种战斗的定义是以战斗人员受到严重伤害或杀死而结束的战斗。先前的经验是许多物种中的重要因素，已被证明会影响选手随后的战斗行为。很少有研究关注经验对涉及危险战斗方式的侵略的影响。在这里，一个卵寄生的黄蜂，Anastatus disparis，它显示了极端和危险的战斗行为以获得交配机会，被用作实验模型。我们的结果表明，获胜雄性的战斗强度显着降低了其后的战斗行为，这与一般预测是不一致的。转录组学分析表明，优胜者中许多与能量代谢相关的基因均被下调，而优胜者在补充饮食后增加了战斗力。我们的研究表明，在A. disparis中进行战斗是巨大的能源消耗。因此，尽管男性在战斗中获胜，但可用能量的显着减少限制了后续战斗的强度，并影响了战略决策。此外，优胜者可能会从以前的比赛中提高自己的战斗技能和能力，并且在补充饮食后的战斗强度明显高于没有任何战斗经验的男性。通常，在A. disparis中，尽管获胜者会根据以前的经验提高战斗力，但获胜者的可用能量可能是影响后续战斗的强度和战略决策的关键因素。