Survival and parasitism activity of Trichopria drosophilae Perkins adults, a cosmopolitan parasitoid of Drosophila spp., were studied under laboratory conditions using five constant temperatures at the lower range known for this enemy, from 4 to 20°C in 4°C increments. Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, an invasive pest of small fruits, was used as a host. Commercially available adult parasitoids were provided with 1) food and D. suzukii pupae; 2) food and no D. suzukii pupae; 3) no food and no pupae. The results show that adult females of T. drosophilae lived longer than males, and both generally benefitted from food supply. The highest level of survival was observed between 8 and 12°C for fed insects, irrespective of whether they were offered host pupae or not. The absence of food led to the highest mortality, but the parasitoid demonstrated considerably resistance to prolonged starvation. Successful parasitism increased steadily with temperature and reached the highest value at 20°C. Conversely, D. suzukii emergence rate was high after exposure of pupae to parasitoids at 4°C, while pupal mortality increased strongly with temperature until 12°C. The findings indicate that T. drosophilae is well adapted to the relatively cold conditions experienced in early spring and in autumn or at high elevations, when the host pupae could be largely available. The long lifespan of the adults and the ability to parasitize the host at low temperature make T. drosophilae potentially useful for the biocontrol of D. suzukii.

中文翻译：

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果蝇果蝇（Trichopria drosophilae）（膜翅目：Dipripidae），是果蝇铃木（Dptophila suzukii）（Diptera：Drosophilidae）的全寄生植物，在低温下的表现。

果蝇Trichopria drosophilae Perkins成虫（果蝇属的一种世界性寄生虫）的存活和寄生活性是在实验室条件下，以该敌人已知的较低温度范围（从4到20°C，以4°C为增量）在五个恒定温度下进行研究的。果蝇铃木松村蝇（Drosophila suzukii Matsumura）是一种侵入性的小果实害虫，被用作寄主。市售的成年蜂被提供1）食品和D. suzukii蛹; 2）食物和没有铃木D. up；3）没有食物，也没有p。结果表明果蝇的成年雌性寿命比男性长，而且两人都从粮食供应中受益。对于摄食的昆虫，无论是否提供寄主p，其存活率均最高，在8至12°C之间。食物的缺乏导致最高的死亡率，但这种寄生虫对长期饥饿表现出相当大的抵抗力。成功的寄生虫随着温度稳定增加，并在20°C达到最高值。相反，在4℃将of暴露于寄生虫后，铃木D.的出苗率很高，而直到12℃，p的死亡率都随着温度的升高而强烈增加。研究结果表明果蝇当寄主p很容易获得时，它很适合早春，秋季或高海拔地区相对寒冷的条件。成人的寿命长和在低温下寄生寄主的能力使果蝇T. ssophukiae可能对铃木D. bios的生物防治有用。