Engineered systems that can serve as chronically stable, high-performance electronic recording and stimulation interfaces to the brain and other parts of the nervous system, with cellular-level resolution across macroscopic areas, are of broad interest to the neuroscience and biomedical communities. Challenges remain in the development of biocompatible materials and the design of flexible implants for these purposes, where ulimate goals are for performance attributes approaching those of conventional wafer-based technologies and for operational timescales reaching the human lifespan. This Review summarizes recent advances in this field, with emphasis on active and passive constituent materials, design architectures and integration methods that support necessary levels of biocompatibility, electronic functionality, long-term stable operation in biofluids and reliability for use in vivo. Bioelectronic systems that enable multiplexed electrophysiological mapping across large areas at high spatiotemporal resolution are surveyed, with a particular focus on those with proven chronic stability in live animal models and scalability to thousands of channels over human-brain-scale dimensions. Research in materials science will continue to underpin progress in this field of study.

可以作为长期稳定，高性能的电子记录和刺激接口的大脑和神经系统其他部分的工程系统，在整个宏观区域具有细胞水平的分辨率，是神经科学和生物医学界广泛关注的问题。用于这些目的的生物相容性材料的开发和柔性植入物的设计仍然面临挑战，最终目标是达到接近常规基于晶圆技术的性能属性以及达到人类寿命的工作时间表。本评论总结了该领域的最新进展，重点介绍了支持必要水平的生物相容性，电子功能，生物流体的长期稳定运行以及体内使用的可靠性。对生物电子系统进行了调查，该系统能够以高时空分辨率在大面积上进行多重电生理映射，特别关注那些在动物模型中具有长期稳定性且可扩展到人脑规模数千个通道的系统。材料科学的研究将继续为这一研究领域的发展提供支持。