Oliveria decumbens Vent. (Apiaceae) is an annual herb resistant to harsh environmental conditions, which has got numerous pharmacological, food and feed, and cosmetic applications. In the present study, the variation in the essential oil (EO) content and composition of twelve O. decumbens populations growing wild in several habitats of Iran was studied. The EO contents varied from 2.71% (Darab) to 8.52% (Behbahan) on a dry matter basis, where the latter population revealed to be the highest source of essential oil reported so far in this species. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that carvacrol (18.8–51.8%), thymol (20.3–38.7%), γ-terpinene (0.9–28.8%), p-cymene (1.6–21.3%) and myristicin (0.8–9.9%) were the major volatile compounds in all the investigated populations. The EO content had a strong and significant positive correlation with temperature (r = 0.62) and sand content (r = 0.73), but a strong and significant negative correlation with altitude (r = −0.61). On the other hand, the rising altitude led to an increase in thymol content. Cluster and principal component analyses placed the samples from different regions into two main groups based on the main EO components, including thymol/carvacrol type and γ-terpinene/thymol/carvacrol/p-cymene type. This study provides valuable information for identifying chemotypes in O. decumbens as well as insight into planning a domestication and cultivation program.

中文翻译：

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伊朗不同地区的尖竹（Operia decumbens）的精油化学变异性及其与环境因素的关系。

Oliveria decumbens通风孔。（Apiaceae）是一年生的草本植物，对恶劣的环境条件有抵抗力，在药理，食品和饲料以及化妆品中都有大量应用。在本研究中，研究了在伊朗几个生境中野生生长的十二种斜纹夜蛾种群的精油（EO）含量和组成的变化。以干物质计，EO含量从2.71％（阿拉伯）到8.52％（Behbahan）不等，后者是迄今为止该物种中报告的最高精油来源。气相色谱（GC-FID）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析显示，香芹酚（18.8–51.8％），百里酚（20.3–38.7％），γ-萜品烯（0.9–28.8％），p在所有调查的人群中，主要的挥发性化合物为-Cymene（1.6–21.3％）和myristicin（0.8–9.9％）。EO含量与温度（r = 0.62）和沙含量（r = 0.73）呈显着正相关，而与海拔高度（r = -0.61）呈显着正相关。另一方面，海拔升高导致百里酚含量增加。聚类和主成分分析根据主要EO成分将不同区域的样品分为两个主要组，包括百里酚/香芹酚类型和γ-萜品烯/百里酚/香芹酚/对-肉桂烯类型。这项研究提供了有价值的信息，可用于识别腐烂O. decumbens的化学型，以及深入了解驯化和栽培计划。