Weather variations affect natural ecosystems, while in regions where climate change is anticipated to intensify extreme events such as droughts, the vitality of vulnerable species may be reduced. The sensitivity of key-species to the climatic conditions may illustrate their adjustability in specific areas and assist decision making towards proper mitigation and adaptation measures. Pinus nigra, commonly known as black pine, is an endemic species, forming many protected habitats in the Mediterranean. In this study, black pine tree-ring data from Greece are used to assess the response of tree growth to specific temperature-related (mean, max. and min. temperature and diurnal temperature range) and water-related (precipitation, evapotranspiration, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit) meteorological parameters. Additionally, the effect of drought episodes is estimated using indices, including the well-established standardised precipitation index (SPI) and reconnaissance drought index (RDI), as well as two recently proposed modifications, namely, the agricultural SPI (aSPI) and the effective RDI (eRDI). The outcomes reveal several seasonal patterns, emphasising the sensitivity of black pine principally to water-related meteorological parameters, with winter and early spring conditions having a primary role on annual tree growth. Black pine seems to be tolerant to drought in the study region, in terms of its resilience; however, there are indications that multiyear droughts may have prolonged effects on tree growth, which may last approximately three years after drought ends. Additionally, it is derived that both aSPI and eRDI illustrate more efficiently tree growth response to drought, indicating that these modifications provide increased accuracy regarding drought characterisation in the forest environment.

中文翻译：

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地中海地区特有黑松树对气象变化和干旱事件的生长响应

天气变化会影响自然生态系统，而在预计气候变化会加剧干旱等极端事件的地区，脆弱物种的活力可能会降低。关键物种对气候条件的敏感度可以说明它们在特定区域的可调节性，并有助于做出适当的缓解和适应措施的决策。黑松俗称黑松，是一种特有物种，在地中海形成许多受保护的栖息地。在这项研究中，来自希腊的黑松树年轮数据用于评估树木生长对特定温度相关（平均，最高和最低温度和昼夜温度范围）和水相关（降水，蒸散，相对温度）的响应。湿度和蒸气压不足）气象参数。此外，干旱指数的影响可通过指数进行估算，包括公认的标准化降水指数（SPI）和侦察干旱指数（RDI），以及最近提出的两项修改，即农业SPI（aSPI）和有效指数。 RDI（eRDI）。结果揭示了几种季节性模式，强调黑松主要对水相关的气象参数敏感，冬季和早春条件对一年生树木的生长起主要作用。就其抗逆性而言，黑松在该研究地区似乎可以耐受。但是，有迹象表明，多年干旱可能对树木的生长产生长期影响，干旱可能持续三年左右。另外，可以得出结论，aSPI和eRDI都更有效地说明了树木对干旱的响应，表明这些修改提供了有关森林环境中干旱特征的更高准确性。就其韧性而言；但是，有迹象表明，多年干旱可能对树木的生长产生长期影响，干旱可能持续三年左右。另外，可以得出结论，aSPI和eRDI都更有效地说明了树木对干旱的响应，表明这些修改提供了有关森林环境中干旱特征的更高准确性。就其韧性而言；但是，有迹象表明，多年干旱可能对树木的生长产生长期影响，干旱可能持续三年左右。另外，可以得出结论，aSPI和eRDI都更有效地说明了树木对干旱的响应，表明这些修改提供了有关森林环境中干旱特征的更高准确性。