Understanding how reproductive tradeoffs act in concert with abiotic elements to affect survival is important for effective management and conservation of wildlife populations, particularly for at‐risk or harvested species. Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are a high‐interest species for consumptive and non‐consumptive uses, and female survival is a primary factor influencing turkey population dynamics. We radio‐tracked and collected survival data on 140 female Merriam's wild turkeys (M. g. merriami) in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota, USA, 2016–2018. We developed and compared a set of candidate models to evaluate how nest incubation, brood rearing, and precipitation could be associated with female survival. Increased time spent incubating was associated with reduced female survival. Additionally, daily precipitation was associated with reduced survival of incubating females. Seasonal survival was lowest during spring and winter. A female that did not incubate a nest was predicted to have a higher rate of annual survival (0.53, 85% CI = 0.48–0.59) than a female that incubated a single nest (0.47, 85% CI = 0.42–0.53). Despite the relative proximity of population segments, we estimated that annual survival for nesting and non‐nesting females was lower in the northern Black Hills compared to annual female survival in the southern Black Hills, underscoring the need for region‐specific data when possible. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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降水和繁殖与土耳其女性的生存负相关

了解生殖权衡如何与非生物元素共同作用以影响生存，对于有效管理和保护野生动植物种群，特别是对处于危险或收获状态的物种特别重要。野生火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）是用于消费和非消费用途的高关注物种，雌性存活是影响火鸡种群动态的主要因素。我们通过无线电跟踪并收集了140只雌性Merriam野火鸡（M. g。merriami），位于美国南达科他州北部的布莱克希尔斯，2016–2018年。我们开发并比较了一组候选模型，以评估巢式孵化，育雏和降水与女性生存的关系。潜伏时间的增加与女性存活率降低有关。另外，每天的降水与孵化雌性的存活率降低有关。在春季和冬季，季节性生存率最低。预计未孵化一窝的雌性的年存活率（0.53，85％CI = 0.48-0.59）要比只孵化一个巢的雌性（0.47，85％CI = 0.42-0.53）高。尽管人口群体相对接近，我们估计，与在黑山南部的雌性的年生存率相比，在黑山北部的雌性和非嵌套雌性的年生存率要低，这强调了在可能的情况下需要特定地区的数据。©2020野生动物协会。