Tree-killing forest disturbances such as storms and bark beetle outbreaks can lead to notable changes in the carbon (C) balance and functioning of forest ecosystems. In this study, the effects of a storm in 2010 followed by an outbreak of European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) on tree, litter and soil C stocks as well as humus layer C fractions and microbial community composition were examined in boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands. Tree (aboveground), litter detritus (distinguishable twig, bark and cones) and soil (humus layer and 0–6 cm mineral soil) C stocks were quantified for undisturbed (living trees), storm disturbed (in 2010) and I. typographus disturbed (tree mortality in circa 2013–2014) plots in 2015–2016. Additional humus layer samples were collected in 2017 for determination of total microbial biomass C, ergosterol (fungal biomass indicator) and K₂SO₄ extractable (labile) C concentrations, as well as fungal and bacterial community composition (DNA sequencing). Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal mycelial growth in topsoil was also quantified. In spite of the differing initial development and intensity of the two disturbance types, there was little difference in humus layer C and microbiology between the storm and bark beetle disturbed plot types at the time of the study. This may be due to the longer time since the disturbance at the storm disturbed plots. The shift from tree biomass to necromass C stocks was not reflected in differences in SOC stocks or humus layer extractable C concentrations between undisturbed and disturbed plot types, but the amount of litter detritus on forest floor was similar (storm) or higher (beetle) in disturbed plots in comparison to undisturbed ones. Humus layer microbial biomass C and ergosterol concentrations and ECM fungal abundance were lower on disturbed plots in comparison to undisturbed plots. The disturbed plots were also indicated to have a slightly higher abundance of some saprotrophic fungi. Differences in the effects of the two disturbance types may occur when studied at differing spatial scales and at different times after disturbance. To understand the full impact of such disturbances on forest functioning and C balance, long-term monitoring studies will be required.

诸如风暴和树皮甲虫暴发之类的杀死树木的森林干扰会导致森林生态系统的碳（C）平衡和功能发生显着变化。在这项研究中，在挪威北部，研究了2010年的一场风暴以及随后爆发的欧洲云杉树皮甲虫（Ips typographus L.）对树木，凋落物和土壤C储量以及腐殖质C组分和微生物群落组成的影响。云杉（云杉（Picea abies L.））站立。树木（地上），凋落物碎屑（可分辨的树枝，树皮和视锥细胞）和土壤（腐殖质层和0-6厘米的矿物土壤）的碳库被量化为未受干扰的树木（活着的树木），受风暴干扰的树木（2010年）和I. typographus2015-2016年受干扰（2013-2014年左右的树木死亡率）地块。2017年还采集了其他腐殖质层样品，用于测定微生物总生物量C，麦角甾醇（真菌生物量指标）和K ₂ SO ₄可提取的（不稳定的）C浓度，以及真菌和细菌群落组成（DNA测序）。还对表土中的菌根菌根（ECM）真菌菌丝生长进行了定量。尽管两种干扰类型的初始发育和强度不同，但在研究时，风暴和树皮甲虫干扰地块类型之间的腐殖质C层和微生物学差异不大。这可能是由于风暴扰动地区的扰动以来时间较长。从树木生物量到坏死碳库的转变没有反映在未扰动和受干扰的样地类型之间的SOC库或腐殖质层可提取碳浓度的差异上，但在林地中凋落物碎屑的数量相似（暴风雨）或更高（甲虫）。与未受干扰的地块相比，受干扰的地块。与不受干扰的地块相比，受干扰地块的腐殖质层微生物生物量碳和麦角甾醇浓度以及ECM真菌丰度较低。扰动的地块还显示出一些腐生真菌的丰度略高。在不同的空间尺度和干扰后的不同时间进行研究时，两种干扰类型的效果可能会有所不同。为了了解此类干扰对森林功能和碳平衡的全面影响，将需要进行长期监测研究。在不同的空间尺度和干扰后的不同时间进行研究时，两种干扰类型的效果可能会有所不同。为了了解此类干扰对森林功能和碳平衡的全面影响，将需要进行长期监测研究。在不同的空间尺度上以及在干扰之后的不同时间进行研究时，两种干扰类型的影响可能会有所不同。为了了解此类干扰对森林功能和碳平衡的全面影响，将需要进行长期监测研究。