Abstract Model testing of offshore floating wind turbines (FOWTs) needs to account for the hydrodynamics of the floater at the same time as the aerodynamics of the rotor, and their interactions. Testers have followed two distinct paths to solve the challenge of modelling these two dissimilar physical phenomena. One path has consisted of building physical models at basin scale that resembled the actual FOWT: a ‘‘full approach’‘. With this approach, every component of the model test needs to comply with Froude scaling laws: wind generators have been improved, dedicated scaled turbines designed and a method known as performance scaling developed. The second path consisted of mimicking the most relevant components of the wind turbine loads and applying them to the floater (at the wind turbine tower top): a ‘‘simplified approach’‘. With this approach, a specific experimental set-up is designed to transfer the wind turbine loads, which, in the case of hybrid testing are calculated by an aerodynamic simulation code. This article reviews the state of the art of testing FOWTs in basins, with a focus on the most complete examples of each testing approach. Limitations, similarities, differences and complementarities between the approaches are described and discussed. To continue improving testing techniques, there is an acute need for more comparisons between different testing approaches and validation against full-scale measurement campaigns.

中文翻译：

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风浪联合下FOWT流域模型试验解决方案探讨

摘要 海上漂浮式风力涡轮机（FOWTs）的模型测试需要在考虑转子空气动力学的同时考虑到漂浮物的流体动力学，以及它们之间的相互作用。测试人员遵循两条不同的路径来解决对这两种不同的物理现象进行建模的挑战。一种方法是在类似于实际 FOWT 的盆地尺度上建立物理模型：“完全方法”。使用这种方法，模型测试的每个组件都需要遵守弗劳德缩放定律：改进了风力发电机，设计了专用缩放涡轮机，并开发了一种称为性能缩放的方法。第二条路径包括模拟风力涡轮机负载的最相关组件并将它们应用到浮子（在风力涡轮机塔架顶部）：一种“简化方法”。通过这种方法，设计了一个特定的实验装置来传递风力涡轮机负载，在混合测试的情况下，这些负载由空气动力学模拟代码计算。本文回顾了在盆地中测试 FOWT 的最新技术，重点介绍了每种测试方法的最完整示例。描述和讨论了这些方法之间的局限性、相似性、差异和互补性。为了继续改进测试技术，迫切需要在不同测试方法之间进行更多比较，并针对全面测量活动进行验证。重点介绍每种测试方法的最完整示例。描述和讨论了这些方法之间的局限性、相似性、差异和互补性。为了继续改进测试技术，迫切需要在不同测试方法之间进行更多比较，并针对全面测量活动进行验证。重点介绍每种测试方法的最完整示例。描述和讨论了这些方法之间的局限性、相似性、差异和互补性。为了继续改进测试技术，迫切需要在不同测试方法之间进行更多比较，并针对全面测量活动进行验证。