Background

We reviewed the literature on the aqueous humor (AH) proteome of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients in order to obtain deeper insight into the pathophysiology of POAG.

Methods

We searched Pubmed and Embase up to May 2019 for studies that compared AH protein composition between POAG (cases) and cataract (controls). Untargeted studies (measuring the whole proteome, by LC-MS/MS) were divided into two subgroups depending on the type of surgery during which POAG AH was collected: glaucoma filtration surgery (subgroup 1) or cataract surgery (subgroup 2). We reanalyzed the raw data (subgroup 1) or combined the reported data (subgroup 2) to perform GO enrichment (GOrilla) and pathway analysis (Pathvisio).

Results

Out of 93 eligible proteomic studies, seven were untargeted studies that identified 863 AH proteins. We observed 73 differentially expressed proteins in subgroup 1 and 87 differentially expressed proteins in subgroup 2. Both subgroups were characterized by activation of the acute immune response, dysregulation of folate metabolism and dysregulation of the selenium micronutrient network. For subgroup 1 but not for subgroup 2, proteins of the complement system were significantly enriched.

Conclusion

AH proteome of POAG patients shows strong activation of the immune system. In addition, analysis suggests dysregulation of folate metabolism and dysregulation of selenium as underlying contributors. In view of their glaucoma surgery, POAG patients of subgroup 1 most likely are progressive whereas POAG patients in subgroup 2 most likely have stable POAG. The proteome difference between these subgroups suggests that the complement system plays a role in POAG progression.

中文翻译：

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原发性开角型青光眼的房水蛋白质组：广泛综述。

背景

我们回顾了有关原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者房水（AH）蛋白质组的文献，以便对POAG的病理生理学有更深入的了解。

方法

我们搜索了截至2019年5月的Pubmed和Embase，以比较POAG（病例）和白内障（对照）之间的AH蛋白组成。根据收集POAG AH的手术类型，将非靶向研究（通过LC-MS / MS测量整个蛋白质组）分为两个亚组：青光眼滤过手术（亚组1）或白内障手​​术（亚组2）。我们重新分析了原始数据（第1组）或合并了报告的数据（第2组）以进行GO富集（GOrilla）和途径分析（Pathvisio）。

结果

在93项合格的蛋白质组学研究中，有7项是鉴定863 AH蛋白的非靶向研究。我们在亚组1中观察到73个差异表达蛋白，在亚组2中观察到87个差异表达蛋白。两个亚组的特征都是急性免疫反应的激活，叶酸代谢的失调和硒微营养素网络的失调。对于亚组1，而不是亚组2，补体系统的蛋白质显着富集。

结论

POAG患者的AH蛋白质组显示出强大的免疫系统激活作用。此外，分析表明叶酸代谢失调和硒的失调是潜在的促成因素。考虑到青光眼手术，第1组的POAG患者很可能是进行性疾病，而第2组的POAG患者最有可能患有稳定的POAG。这些亚组之间的蛋白质组差异表明补体系统在POAG进展中起作用。