Agricultural production is becoming increasingly dependent on the environmental factors that alter soil properties, plant productivity, and product quality. Environment pollution caused by heavy metals because of human activities are among the most dangerous pollutants on the biosphere. Here, we have studied the biochemical adaptation of wild and cultivated soybeans to the simulated effects of lead nitrate and lead acetate. Lead in the form of acetate had a relevant toxic effect, as evidenced by a significant increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the treated samples relative to control samples. Catalase and peroxidase, possibly performing a signaling function, are involved in the adaptation to the toxicity of Pb salts. The studied Pb salts showed a predominant stimulating effect on the specific activity of acid phosphatases in cultivated soybean, while the ribonuclease activity changed in both Glycine species. Moreover, in wild soybean, it was mostly suppressive, except for the first day. We found that the electrophoretic spectra of acid phosphatases of soybean seedlings was highly stabile, while that of ribonucleases varied depending on the salt. On the seventh day of exposure, lead nitrate caused a decrease in the specific activity of the studied hydrolases of seedlings of cultivated and wild soybeans. A change in the number or electrophoretic mobility of multiple forms of enzymes during treatment with Pb salts was revealed, which indicates the adaptation of the plants at the molecular genetic level. These results imply that the observed enzymes can be used as sensitive indicators for predicting the effects of heavy metals on soybean.

农业生产越来越依赖于改变土壤性质、植物生产力和产品质量的环境因素。人类活动造成的重金属污染是生物圈中最危险的污染物之一。在这里，我们研究了野生和栽培大豆对硝酸铅和醋酸铅模拟效应的生化适应。乙酸盐形式的铅具有相关的毒性作用，经处理的样品中丙二醛的浓度相对于对照样品显着增加就证明了这一点。过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶可能发挥信号传导功能，参与对铅盐毒性的适应。研究的铅盐对栽培大豆中酸性磷酸酶的比活性具有显着的刺激作用，而核糖核酸酶活性在两种大豆中都发生了变化。此外，在野生大豆中，除了第一天外，大部分都是抑制性的。我们发现大豆幼苗的酸性磷酸酶的电泳图谱高度稳定，而核糖核酸酶的电泳图谱根据盐的不同而变化。在接触的第七天，硝酸铅导致所研究的栽培大豆和野生大豆幼苗水解酶的比活性下降。研究揭示了铅盐处理过程中多种酶的数量或电泳迁移率的变化，这表明植物在分子遗传水平上的适应。这些结果意味着观察到的酶可以作为预测重金属对大豆影响的敏感指标。