Creating a reliable and accurate Red Blood Cell (RBC) aggregation model for small and midsize arteries and veins is still an active research subject with more in focus with a multi-scale approach including mesoscale effects. Better understanding the RBC aggregation requires a multi-phase and multi-scale approach for simulating blood with Newtonian and non-Newtonian parts. In our proposed work, viscosity, shear rates, phase distributions and volume fractions with a range of hematocrit levels of RBC are calculated using the depletion interaction theory for two-phase blood flow simulation and compared with the numerical and experimental data in literature. In addition, thermal effects are modeled using energy equations and changes in RBC aggregation are studied with respect to thermal variations. Two-phase fluid-fluid model is used including inter-phase momentum exchange. A new shape factor is proposed for the coupling effects on drag and lift forces. Finally, total interaction energy of RBCs, hematocrit levels of blood at varying temperatures and effects of temperature on viscosity and relative apparent viscosity are computed at varying shear rates and compared with the existing data in literature.

中文翻译：

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基于热的两相血流RBC聚集模型

创建用于中小型动脉和静脉的可靠且准确的红细胞（RBC）聚集模型仍然是一个活跃的研究主题，并通过包括中尺度效应在内的多尺度方法进行了重点研究。更好地了解RBC聚集要求采用多阶段和多尺度的方法来模拟带有牛顿和非牛顿部分的血液。在我们提出的工作中，使用耗竭相互作用理论进行两相血流模拟，计算了红细胞比容水平范围内的粘度，剪切速率，相分布和体积分数，并与文献中的数值和实验数据进行了比较。此外，使用能量方程对热效应进行建模，并针对热变化研究RBC聚集的变化。使用包括相间动量交换的两相流体模型。提出了一种新的形状因数，以实现对阻力和升力的耦合作用。最后，在不同的剪切速率下计算了红细胞的总相互作用能，血液在不同温度下的血细胞比容水平以及温度对粘度和相对表观粘度的影响，并与文献中的现有数据进行了比较。