Background and aim The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are accompanied by inflammatory manifestations. Our study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory status, reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP) values and the evolution of type 1 and 2 DM patients, evaluated by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, the length of disease duration, the average time until the onset of microvascular complications and their risk of occurrence. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study, involving 192 patients, randomly selected from the medical records of the Centre for Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Results We noted significant differences between the two patient groups concerning HbA1c levels in patients with stage I nephropathy and CRP values in those with retinopathy. A significant positive correlation between the levels of studied biomarkers and disease duration was noted for type 1, but not for type 2 patients. We found a higher risk of chronic complications in patients with type 2, compared to those with type 1 DM: the relative risk was higher by 1.87 (1.59–1.97) times for nephropathy, 2.57 (1.56–4.18) times for retinopathy and 3.66 (3.00–3.82) times for neuropathy. Conclusion Our study indicates a direct link between systemic inflammation and the timely progression of type 1 DM. In patients with type 2 DM, no statistical significance was found between the levels of studied biomarkers and the occurrence of microvascular complications. Nephropathy appeared sooner in type 1 DM patients, while retinopathy and neuropathy had a similar pattern of occurrence in both types of patients.

中文翻译：

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1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的炎症反应和慢性并发症的时间线

背景和目的 糖尿病（DM）的慢性并发症伴有炎症表现。我们的研究旨在评估由 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 值反映的炎症状态与 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的演变之间的关联，通过糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c) 水平、疾病持续时间的长度、平均时间进行评估直到出现微血管并发症及其发生的风险。方法 我们进行了一项回顾性观察研究，涉及 192 名患者，这些患者从罗马尼亚克卢日纳波卡的糖尿病、营养和代谢疾病中心的医疗记录中随机选择。结果 我们注意到两个患者组在 I 期肾病患者的 HbA1c 水平和视网膜病变患者的 CRP 值方面存在显着差异。对于 1 型患者，研究的生物标志物水平与疾病持续时间之间存在显着的正相关，但对于 2 型患者则不然。我们发现，与 1 型糖尿病患者相比，2 型糖尿病患者发生慢性并发症的风险更高：肾病的相对风险高 1.87 (1.59–1.97) 倍，视网膜病变的相对风险高 2.57 (1.56–4.18) 倍和 3.66 ( 3.00–3.82) 次神经病变。结论我们的研究表明全身炎症与 1 型 DM 的及时进展之间存在直接联系。在 2 型 DM 患者中，研究的生物标志物水平与微血管并发症的发生之间没有统计学意义。肾病在 1 型 DM 患者中出现得更早，而视网膜病和神经病在两种类型的患者中都有相似的发生模式。