The establishment of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Martinique is an old story. Some authors believe that the first cocoa trees were planted there by the native Caribbean people, while others indicate that cocoa was introduced in the seventeenth century. Since then, the history of cocoa farming in Martinique has been punctuated by different waves of introduction from various countries and by cyclonic episodes that ravaged its cultivation. Today, there are many cocoa trees coming from this turbulent history and this current study has started to better understand the genetic diversity of the current orchards. Our interest in Martiniquan cocoa also comes from very encouraging results on aromatic properties of chocolates made with Martiniquan beans. A total of 161 cocoa trees located from the different regions of the island were genotyped, using a set of SNP markers. Sensory descriptive profiles of the chocolates comings from these trees were carried out by a provider laboratory, according to the sensory method described by AFNOR (French Agency for Standardization) NF ISO 11035 (July 1995). We observed a genetic diversity within the Martiniquan cocoa orchards with a genetic admixture consisting of ancestry of 6 out of the 10 Theobroma cacao ancestral genetic groups which testifies to these numerous waves of introduction; the main representative ancestry group is Amelonado, then Criollo. The first tests of sensory analysis revealed a strong aromatic potential of Martiniquan cocoa, probably due to a favorable terroir effect.

建立可可（可可可可L.）在马提尼克岛是一个古老的故事。一些作者认为，最早的可可树是加勒比海本地人种植的，而另一些人则表示可可树是在17世纪引入的。从那时起，马提尼克岛的可可豆种植历史就被来自不同国家的不同引进浪潮以及破坏其种植的气旋事件所打断。如今，动荡的历史中涌现出许多可可树，这项最新研究已开始更好地了解当前果园的遗传多样性。我们对Martiniquan可可粉的兴趣还来自以Martiniquan豆制成的巧克力的芳香性能令人鼓舞的结果。使用一组SNP标记对来自该岛不同地区的总共161棵可可树进行了基因分型。根据AFNOR（法国标准化局）NF ISO 11035（1995年7月）描述的感官方法，由提供者实验室对来自这些树的巧克力的感官描述进行了描述。我们观察到马提尼泉可可果园内的遗传多样性，其遗传混合物由10个血统中的6个血统组成可可氏祖先遗传群体证明了这些无数次的引进浪潮；主要的代表血统是Amelonado，然后是Criollo。感官分析的第一批测试表明，马提尼泉可可具有很强的芳香潜力，这可能是由于风土效应所致。