The CMS detector will undergo significant improvements to face the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity of LHC, the so-called High-Luminosity LHC, scheduled to start in 2027. This will include a completely new calorimeter in the CMS endcap regions, which should be able to withstand fluences of up to 10 16 n$_{eq}$ /cm$^2$ . The new High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will have unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout and trigger segmentation that will facilitate the particle-flow approach to reconstruct electromagnetic and hadronic particle showers and their energies. In regions of low radiation, HGCAL will be equipped with small plastic scintillator tiles as active material coupled to on-tile silicon photomultipliers. In the higher radiation zone, silicon has been chosen due to its intrinsic radiation hardness. The silicon sensors will be of hexagonal shape, with three nominal thicknesses of 120 {\mu}m, 200 {\mu}m and 300 {\mu}m, optimized for regions of different radiation levels. They will be segmented into several hundred cells with hexagonal shape of 0.5 to 1.1 cm$^2$ in size, each of which is read out individually. A comprehensive campaign is in progress to converge on optimal sensor design choices and parameters, such as bulk doping, layouts and production methods. Results from full electrical sensor characterization are presented for different sensors, together with first results from an irradiation campaign of large-area silicon sensors.

中文翻译：

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用于 CMS HGCAL 升级的硅传感器：挑战、传感器设计和电气特性

CMS 探测器将经历重大改进，以应对 LHC 综合光度增加 10 倍的情况，即所谓的高光度 LHC，计划于 2027 年启动。这将包括在 CMS 端盖区域的全新量热仪，这应该能够承受高达 10 16 n$_{eq}$ /cm$^2$ 的影响。新的高粒度热量计 (HGCAL) 将具有前所未有的横向和纵向读数和触发分段，这将有助于粒子流方法重建电磁和强子粒子簇射及其能量。在低辐射地区，HGCAL 将配备小型塑料闪烁体瓷砖作为活性材料，与瓷砖上的硅光电倍增管耦合。在较高辐射区，由于其固有的辐射硬度，选择了硅。硅传感器将呈六边形，具有 120 {\mu}m、200 {\mu}m 和 300 {\mu}m 三个标称厚度，针对不同辐射水平的区域进行了优化。它们将被分割成数百个大小为 0.5 到 1.1 cm$^2$ 的六边形单元格，每个单元格都被单独读出。正在进行一项全面的活动，以集中优化传感器设计选择和参数，例如体掺杂、布局和生产方法。展示了不同传感器的全电传感器表征结果，以及大面积硅传感器辐照活动的初步结果。它们将被分割成数百个大小为 0.5 到 1.1 cm$^2$ 的六边形单元格，每个单元格都被单独读出。正在进行一项全面的活动，以集中优化传感器设计选择和参数，例如体掺杂、布局和生产方法。展示了不同传感器的全电传感器表征结果，以及大面积硅传感器辐照活动的初步结果。它们将被分割成数百个大小为 0.5 到 1.1 cm$^2$ 的六边形单元格，每个单元格都被单独读出。正在进行全面的活动，以集中优化传感器设计选择和参数，例如体掺杂、布局和生产方法。展示了不同传感器的全电传感器表征结果，以及大面积硅传感器辐照活动的初步结果。