Signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have been advocated as opportunities for remote sensing of the Earth. In the multi-GNSS era, signals from different constellation, at different frequency, and under different modulation are available to facilitate such applications. Existing open service GNSS signals can be roughly categorized as either binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation or binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation; it is desired to establish a unified data processing procedure to account for all these signals. This article proposes a framework to synergize BPSK and BOC signals for GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) applications by establishing a channel response function to model the scattering phenomena and a commutative diagram to illustrate the interrelationship among direct and reflected signals under different modulations. The results are verified by processing the flight test data of the GNSS-R receiver of the TRITON mission.

中文翻译：

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GNSS 反射计中 BPSK 和 BOC 调制的比较和协同作用

来自全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 的信号被认为是地球遥感的机会。在多 GNSS 时代，来自不同星座、不同频率和不同调制的信号可用于促进此类应用。现有的开放式服务 GNSS 信号可以粗略地分为二进制相移键控 (BPSK) 调制或二进制偏移载波 (BOC) 调制；需要建立一个统一的数据处理程序来解释所有这些信号。本文提出了一个框架，通过建立信道响应函数来模拟散射现象和交换图来说明不同调制下直接信号和反射信号之间的相互关系，从而为 GNSS 反射计 (GNSS-R) 应用协同 BPSK 和 BOC 信号。结果通过处理TRITON任务的GNSS-R接收机的飞行测试数据进行验证。