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Direct synthesis of metastable phases of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00143k Maria S Sokolikova 1 , Cecilia Mattevi
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00143k Maria S Sokolikova 1 , Cecilia Mattevi
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The different polymorphic phases of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted enormous interest in the last decade. The metastable metallic and small band gap phases of group VI TMDs displayed leading performance for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, high volumetric capacitance and some of them exhibit large gap quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulating behaviour. Metastable 1T(1T′) phases require higher formation energy, as compared to the thermodynamically stable 2H phase, thus in standard chemical vapour deposition and vapour transport processes the materials normally grow in the 2H phases. Only destabilization of their 2H phase via external means, such as charge transfer or high electric field, allows the conversion of the crystal structure into the 1T(1T′) phase. Bottom-up synthesis of materials in the 1T(1T′) phases in measurable quantities would broaden their prospective applications and practical utilization. There is an emerging evidence that some of these 1T(1T′) phases can be directly synthesized via bottom-up vapour- and liquid-phase methods. This review will provide an overview of the synthesis strategies which have been designed to achieve the crystal phase control in TMDs, and the chemical mechanisms that can drive the synthesis of metastable phases. We will provide a critical comparison between growth pathways in vapour- and liquid-phase synthesis techniques. Morphological and chemical characteristics of synthesized materials will be described along with their ability to act as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction from water. Phase stability and reversibility will be discussed and new potential applications will be introduced. This review aims at providing insights into the fundamental understanding of the favourable synthetic conditions for the stabilization of metastable TMD crystals and at stimulating future advancements in the field of large-scale synthesis of materials with crystal phase control.
中文翻译：
直接合成2D过渡金属二卤化亚稳相。
在过去的十年中，过渡金属二硫键化合物（TMD）的不同多晶相引起了极大的兴趣。VI族TMD的亚稳态金属和小带隙相在电催化氢放出方面表现出领先的性能，高容量电容，其中一些表现出大间隙量子自旋霍尔（QSH）绝缘性能。与热力学稳定的2H相相比，亚稳态1T（1T'）相需要更高的形成能，因此在标准化学气相沉积和气相传输过程中，材料通常在2H相中生长。仅通过以下方式破坏其2H相的稳定性外部手段，例如电荷转移或高电场，可将晶体结构转换为1T（1T'）相。1T（1T'）相中材料的自下而上合成以可测量的数量将扩大它们的预期应用和实际应用。有新兴证据表明，某些1T（1T'）相可以通过自下而上的气相和液相方法。这篇综述将概述旨在实现TMDs中晶相控制的合成策略，以及可驱动亚稳相合成的化学机理。我们将提供蒸气和液相合成技术中生长途径之间的关键比较。将描述合成材料的形态和化学特性，以及它们充当从水中析氢反应的电催化剂的能力。将讨论相稳定性和可逆性，并将介绍新的潜在应用。
更新日期：2020-06-22
中文翻译：
直接合成2D过渡金属二卤化亚稳相。
在过去的十年中，过渡金属二硫键化合物（TMD）的不同多晶相引起了极大的兴趣。VI族TMD的亚稳态金属和小带隙相在电催化氢放出方面表现出领先的性能，高容量电容，其中一些表现出大间隙量子自旋霍尔（QSH）绝缘性能。与热力学稳定的2H相相比，亚稳态1T（1T'）相需要更高的形成能，因此在标准化学气相沉积和气相传输过程中，材料通常在2H相中生长。仅通过以下方式破坏其2H相的稳定性外部手段，例如电荷转移或高电场，可将晶体结构转换为1T（1T'）相。1T（1T'）相中材料的自下而上合成以可测量的数量将扩大它们的预期应用和实际应用。有新兴证据表明，某些1T（1T'）相可以通过自下而上的气相和液相方法。这篇综述将概述旨在实现TMDs中晶相控制的合成策略，以及可驱动亚稳相合成的化学机理。我们将提供蒸气和液相合成技术中生长途径之间的关键比较。将描述合成材料的形态和化学特性，以及它们充当从水中析氢反应的电催化剂的能力。将讨论相稳定性和可逆性，并将介绍新的潜在应用。
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