When evaluating seismically induced second-order effects in buildings, engineers and researchers are most familiar with these concerns in the context of multistory buildings with rigid diaphragms. However, similar concerns are valid for short single-story concrete or masonry-walled buildings with larger flexible diaphragms, which is a significant portion of the building stock in the United States. These rigid wall-flexible diaphragm (RWFD) buildings may have significant diaphragm drifts causing induced second-order effects. The stability coefficient currently found in ASCE 7 has traditionally been used by practitioners to evaluate the relative risk of P-delta instability in multistory buildings, but this indicator can be adapted for use in RWFD buildings. Using numerical studies following the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-695 collapse assessment methodology to evaluate the risk of collapse for a set of RWFD archetype buildings, a modified stability coefficient for RWFD buildings is found to capture the trend toward P-delta collapse and can act as a reasonable indicator without the need for heavy computational efforts.

中文翻译：

---

评估刚性墙-柔性屋顶隔膜建筑的二阶效应

在评估建筑物中地震引起的二阶效应时，工程师和研究人员最熟悉在具有刚性隔板的多层建筑环境中的这些问题。然而，类似的担忧适用于具有较大柔性隔板的短单层混凝土或砖石墙建筑，这是美国建筑存量的重要组成部分。这些刚性壁柔性隔板 (RWFD) 建筑物可能具有显着的隔板漂移，从而导致诱发二阶效应。目前在 ASCE 7 中发现的稳定性系数传统上被从业者用来评估多层建筑中 P-delta 不稳定的相对风险，但该指标可以适用于 RWFD 建筑。