Every human somatic cell inherits a maternal and a paternal genome, which work together to give rise to cellular phenotypes. However, the allele-specific relationship between gene expression and genome structure through the cell cycle is largely unknown. By integrating haplotype-resolved genome-wide chromosome conformation capture, mature and nascent mRNA, and protein binding data, we investigate this relationship both globally and locally. We introduce the maternal and paternal 4D Nucleome, enabling detailed analysis of the mechanisms and dynamics of genome structure and gene function for diploid organisms. Our analyses find significant coordination between allelic expression biases and local genome conformation, and notably absent expression bias in universally essential cell cycle and glycolysis genes. We propose a model in which coordinated biallelic expression reflects prioritized preservation of essential gene sets.

中文翻译：

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母体和父体人类 4D 核组的功能组织

每个人类体细胞都继承了母本和父本基因组，它们共同作用产生细胞表型。然而，通过细胞周期的基因表达和基因组结构之间的等位基因特异性关系在很大程度上是未知的。通过整合单倍型解析的全基因组染色体构象捕获、成熟和新生的 mRNA 以及蛋白质结合数据，我们在全局和局部研究了这种关系。我们介绍了母本和父本 4D 核组，能够详细分析二倍体生物的基因组结构和基因功能的机制和动态。我们的分析发现等位基因表达偏向与局部基因组构象之间存在显着协调，尤其是在普遍必需的细胞周期和糖酵解基因中不存在表达偏向。