Snow depth may have a complex influence on carbon cycling in winter. Here we set up a field experiment to investigate how different snow depths (0 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm) influenced carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a wetland. The mean ± standard error of CO₂ emissions under snow addition treatments (60 cm and 90 cm snow depths) were 0.92 ± 0.16 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹ and 0.53 ± 0.16 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹, respectively, compared with snow removal treatment (0 cm snow depth), 0.11 ± 0.05 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹. In general, snow addition increased CO₂ fluxes significantly. As snow depths increased, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and bacterial diversities increased drastically. More important, the community of bacteria differed under different treatments. Firmicutes, which can resist dehydration and extremely low temperatures, was widely distributed in the snow removal treatment, where it sustained soil biochemical processes. Overall, our study indicates that snow cover counteracts the negative effects on soil microbial activities caused by low temperatures and could play a critical role in winter carbon cycling in wetlands.

雪深可能会对冬季的碳循环产生复杂的影响。在这里，我们建立了一个野外实验，以研究不同的积雪深度（0厘米，60厘米，90厘米）如何影响湿地中的二氧化碳（CO ₂）。CO的平均值±标准误差₂下雪除了处理排放（60厘米和90厘米深处雪）分别为0.92±0.16克·平方厘米^-2 ·^秒-1和0.53±0.16克·平方厘米^-2 ·S ^-1，分别，与除雪处理（0 cm雪深）相比，为0.11±0.05 g·cm ^-2 ·s ^-1。通常，除雪会增加CO ₂通量显着。随着积雪深度的增加，微生物生物量碳（MBC）和细菌多样性急剧增加。更重要的是，细菌的群落在不同的处理方法下也有所不同。能够抵抗脱水和极低温度的Firmicutes在除雪处理中得到了广泛的应用，它可以维持土壤生化过程。总体而言，我们的研究表明，积雪抵消了低温对土壤微生物活动的不利影响，并可能在湿地冬季碳循环中发挥关键作用。