Two-dimensional materials (2DMs), with remarkably electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, exhibit both high scientific interest and huge application potential. Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be a fast, convenient, and nondestructive technique to characterize the fundamental properties of 2DMs at both laboratory and mass-production scales. In this review, we discuss recent advances in application of Raman spectroscopy to 2DMs for probing their fundamental properties. First, we introduce Raman characterization on different types of 2DMs, phase transition triggered by defect, electrostatic doping and temperature, thickness-dependent intralayer and interlayer modes, and two-dimensional alloys with tunable compositions. The extensive capabilities of Raman spectroscopy in probing quantum phase transition are discussed, such as charge density wave and magnetic transition. Then, we discuss application of Raman spectroscopy to probe the moiré phonons, interfacial coupling and cross-dimensional electron–phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). We hope that this review will be helpful to study the basic properties of 2DMs and vdWHs themselves and those present in the related devices by Raman spectroscopy.

具有显着的电子，光学和机械特性的二维材料（2DM）具有很高的科学兴趣和巨大的应用潜力。拉曼光谱法已被证明是一种快速，方便且无损的技术，可在实验室和大规模生产规模上表征2DM的基本特性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了拉曼光谱技术在2DM中的应用，以探测其基本性能。首先，我们介绍了不同类型2DM的拉曼表征，缺陷，静电掺杂和温度触发的相变，取决于厚度的层间和层间模式以及具有可调组成的二维合金。讨论了拉曼光谱在探测量子相变中的广泛功能，例如电荷密度波和磁跃迁。然后，我们讨论了拉曼光谱在探测范德华异质结构（vdWHs）中的莫尔声子，界面耦合和跨维电子-声子耦合中的应用。我们希望这篇评论对通过拉曼光谱研究2DM和vdWH本身以及相关设备中存在的基本特性有所帮助。