Streptomycetes are well known antibiotic producers and are among the rare prokaryotes able to store carbon as lipids. Previous comparative studies of the weak antibiotic producer Streptomyces lividans with its ppk mutant and with Streptomyces coelicolor, which both produce antibiotics, suggested the existence of a negative correlation between total lipid content and the ability to produce antibiotics. To determine whether such a negative correlation can be generalized to other Streptomyces species, fifty-four strains were picked randomly and grown on modified R2YE medium, limited in phosphate, with glucose or glycerol as the main carbon source. The total lipid content and antibiotic activity against Micrococcus luteus were assessed for each strain. This study revealed that the ability to accumulate lipids was not evenly distributed among strains and that glycerol was more lipogenic than glucose and had a negative impact on antibiotic biosynthesis. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative Pearson correlation between lipid content and antibiotic activity could be established for most strains, but a few strains escape this general law. These exceptions are likely due to limits and biases linked to the type of test used to determine antibiotic activity, which relies exclusively on Micrococcus luteus sensitivity. They are characterized either by high lipid content and high antibiotic activity or by low lipid content and undetectable antibiotic activity against Micrococcus luteus. Lastly, the comparative genomic analysis of two strains with contrasting lipid content, and both named Streptomyces antibioticus (DSM 41,481 and DSM 40,868, which we found to be phylogenetically related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus), indicated that some genetic differences in various pathways related to the generation/consumption of acetylCoA could be responsible for such a difference.

中文翻译：

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链霉菌中脂质含量与抗生素活性之间的负相关：一般规则和例外。

链霉菌是众所周知的抗生素生产者，并且是能够将碳储存为脂质的稀有原核生物之一。先前对弱抗生素生产者浅青紫链霉菌及其ppk突变体和天蓝色链霉菌的比较研究表明，总脂质含量与生产抗生素的能力之间存在负相关。为了确定这种负相关性是否可以推广到其他链霉菌属物种，随机挑选了 54 株菌株，并在改良的 R2YE 培养基上生长，限制磷酸盐，以葡萄糖或甘油作为主要碳源。评估了每种菌株的总脂质含量和针对藤黄微球菌的抗生素活性。这项研究表明，积累脂质的能力在菌株之间分布不均匀，甘油比葡萄糖更容易产生脂肪，并对抗生素生物合成产生负面影响。此外，对于大多数菌株，可以在脂质含量和抗生素活性之间建立统计上显着的负皮尔逊相关性，但少数菌株逃脱了这一一般规律。这些例外可能是由于与用于确定抗生素活性的测试类型相关的限制和偏差，该测试完全依赖于藤黄微球菌的敏感性。它们的特征是脂质含量高和抗生素活性高，或者脂质含量低且针对藤黄微球菌的抗生素活性不可检测。最后，对具有对比脂质含量的两个菌株（均命名为抗生素链霉菌（DSM 41,481 和 DSM 40,868，我们发现它们在系统发育上与淡紫色链霉菌相关））进行比较基因组分析，表明与世代相关的各种途径中存在一些遗传差异。 /乙酰辅酶A的消耗可能是造成这种差异的原因。