Background: Given the increasing request for natural pharmacological molecules, this study assessed the antimicrobial capacity of Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oil (PLL-EO) obtained from the leaves of wild plants growing in North Sardinia (Italy) toward a wide range of periodontal bacteria and Candida, including laboratory and clinical isolates sp., together with its anti-inflammatory activity and safety. Methods: PLL-EO was screened by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition, while the antioxidant capacity was determined electro-chemically and by the MTT assay. The WST-1 assay was used to ascertain cytotoxicity toward four lines of oral cells. Results: According to the concentrations of terpens, PLL-EO is a pharmacologically-active phytocomplex. MICs against periodontal bacteria ranged between 3.13 and 12.5 µg/ml, while against Candida sp. they were between 6.25 and 12.5 µg/mL. Oxidation by COX-1/2 and LOX was inhibited by 80% and 20% µg/mL of the oil, respectively. Antioxidant activity seemed negligible, and no cytotoxicity arose. Conclusions: PLL-EO exhibits a broad-spectrum activity against periodontal bacteria and Candida, with an interesting dual inhibitory capacity toward COX-2 and LOX inflammatory enzymes, and without side effects against oral cells.

中文翻译：

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黄连木叶精油对牙周细菌和念珠菌的药理作用。及其抗炎潜力。

背景：鉴于对天然药理分子的需求日益增加，本研究评估了从北撒丁岛（意大利）生长的野生植物的叶子中获得的黄连木精油（PLL-EO）对多种牙周细菌的抗菌能力还有念珠菌包括实验室和临床分离株sp。，以及其抗炎活性和安全性。方法：采用气相色谱/质谱法对PLL-EO进行筛选。确定最小抑制浓度（MIC）。通过环氧合酶（COX-1 / 2）和脂氧合酶（LOX）抑制作用测定抗炎活性，同时通过电化学方法和MTT法测定抗氧化能力。WST-1测定法用于确定对四系口腔细胞的细胞毒性。结果：根据萜烯的浓度，PLL-EO是一种具有药理活性的植物复合物。对抗牙周细菌的MIC在3.13至12.5 µg / ml之间，而针对念珠菌的MICsp。它们在6.25和12.5 µg / mL之间。80％和20％µg / mL的油分别抑制了COX-1 / 2和LOX的氧化。抗氧化活性似乎可以忽略不计，并且没有产生细胞毒性。结论：PLL-EO对牙周细菌和念珠菌具有广谱活性，对COX-2和LOX炎性酶具有令人感兴趣的双重抑制能力，并且对口腔细胞无副作用。