In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of carob extract against intratesticular histological, apoptotic, biochemical and spermatogenic changes in rats exposed to nicotine. Twenty‐eight rats were divided into four groups and were administered saline, nicotine, carob, or nicotine + carob once a day for 35 days. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), GSH, total anti‐oxidative status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), IL‐6, TNF‐α and seminal parameters were evaluated. Johnsen's testicular histopathological examination, factor VIII protein (angiogenesis marker) and the number of apoptotic cells were determined in the testicular tissues. The spermatogenic and histopathological examination revealed that nicotine + carob group had significant positive changes in seminal parameters, Johnsen score, apoptotic cell count and factor VIII protein compared to nicotine group. Biochemical test results indicated that the nicotine + carob group had significantly lower TAS levels compared to the control group; however, those levels were higher than those of the nicotine group. Nicotine caused a significant increase in IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels compared to the control group, but carob seems to significantly counteract that increase. In conclusion, carob extract had positive effects on spermatogenesis and reduced testicular parenchymal damage, apoptosis and angiogenesis.

中文翻译：

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角豆树减轻了尼古丁诱发的雄性大鼠的氧化应激和睾丸内损伤。

在这项研究中，我们旨在评估角豆提取物对暴露于尼古丁的大鼠睾丸内组织学，凋亡，生化和生精变化的影响。将28只大鼠分为四组，每天一次给予盐水，尼古丁，角豆树或尼古丁+角豆树，持续35天。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX），GSH，总抗氧化状态（TAS），总氧化状态（TOS），氧化应激指数（OSI），IL-6，TNF-评估α和精氨酸参数。确定了约翰森的睾丸组织病理学检查，睾丸组织中的VIII因子蛋白（血管生成标记）和凋亡细胞数。生精和组织病理学检查显示，与尼古丁组相比，尼古丁+角豆树组在精液参数，Johnsen评分，凋亡细胞计数和VIII因子蛋白方面有明显的正变化。生化测试结果表明，尼古丁+角豆树组的TAS水平明显低于对照组。但是，这些水平高于尼古丁组的水平。与对照组相比，尼古丁可导致IL-6和TNF-α水平显着升高，但角豆树似乎可以显着抵消这种升高。总之，角豆提取物对精子发生有积极作用，并减少睾丸实质损伤，细胞凋亡和血管生成。生化测试结果表明，尼古丁+角豆树组的TAS水平明显低于对照组。但是，这些水平高于尼古丁组。与对照组相比，尼古丁可导致IL-6和TNF-α水平显着升高，但角豆树似乎可以显着抵消这种升高。总之，角豆提取物对精子发生有积极作用，并减少睾丸实质损伤，细胞凋亡和血管生成。生化测试结果表明，尼古丁+角豆树组的TAS水平明显低于对照组。但是，这些水平高于尼古丁组。与对照组相比，尼古丁可导致IL-6和TNF-α水平显着升高，但角豆树似乎可以明显抵消这种升高。总之，角豆提取物对精子发生有积极作用，并减少睾丸实质损伤，细胞凋亡和血管生成。