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Erratum.
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23140
Table 1. Causes of fragmentation, influencing variables exacerbating fragmentation, and consequences of fragmentation
中文翻译:
勘误表。
表1.碎片化的原因,影响碎片化的变量以及碎片化的后果
更新日期:2020-06-23
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23140
When the article (Boonratana, 2020) was first published online, the threat nos. 5.3.1 & 5.3.2 were included in the Table.
The corresponding two entries (threats nos. 5.3.1 & 5.3.2) should be removed from the Table. The correct Table 1 is mentioned below:
Threats to biodiversityaa Only those that affect Asian primates are listed here. |
Threatens primates | Threatens primate habitats | Causes fragmentation | Exacerbates fragmentation | Threatens primate & primate habitats as a consequence of fragmentation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Residential & commercial development | |||||
1.1 Housing & urban areas | Yes [L,M,H]bb Level of influence of the threats to primate persistence, L = low, M = moderate, H = high. |
Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
1.2 Commercial & industrial areas | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
1.3 Tourism & recreation areas | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
2. Agriculture & aquaculture | |||||
2.1 Annual & perennial nontimber crops | |||||
2.1.1 Shifting agriculture | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
2.1.2 Small‐holder farming | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
2.1.3 Agro‐industry farming | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] |
2.2 Wood & pulp plantations | |||||
2.2.1 Small‐holder plantations | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
2.2.2 Agro‐industry plantations | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] |
2.3 Livestock farming & ranching | |||||
2.3.1 Nomadic grazing | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | No | Possibly | Yes [L,M] |
2.3.2 Small‐holder grazing, ranching or farming | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
2.3.3 Agro‐industry grazing, ranching or farming | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] |
2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture | |||||
2.4.1 Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | No | Uncertain | Yes [L] |
2.4.2 Industrial aquaculture | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] |
3. Energy production & mining | |||||
3.1 Oil & gas drilling | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Uncertain |
3.2 Mining & quarrying | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [M,H] | Possibly |
3.3 Renewable energy | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Uncertain |
4. Transportation & service corridors | |||||
4.1 Roads & railroads | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
4.2 Utility & service lines | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
4.3 Shipping lanescc Shipping lanes here refers to motorized boats and barges plying major rivers and tributaries. |
Yes [L,M]dd Affects primate taxa that swim across rivers and tributaries on a regular basis e.g., Nasalis larvatus (Boonratana, 2013a). |
Possibly not | No | No | No |
5. Biological resource use | |||||
5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |||||
5.1.1 Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Yes [M,H] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [M,H] |
5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [M,H] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [M,H] |
5.1.3 Persecution/control | Yes [M,H] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [M,H] |
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | |||||
5.2.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | No |
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |||||
5.3.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] |
5.3.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [M,H] | Yes [H] | Yes [H] |
5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources | |||||
5.4.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [L] | No | No | No | No |
5.4.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) | Yes [L,M] | No | No | No | No |
6. Human intrusions & disturbance | |||||
6.1 Recreational activities | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
6.3 Work & other activities | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | No |
7. Natural system modifications | |||||
7.1 Fire & fire suppression | |||||
7.1.1 Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
7.1.2 Suppression in fire frequency/intensity | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] |
7.2 Dams & water management/use | |||||
7.2.1 Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | No |
7.2.2 Abstraction of surface water (commercial use) | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
7.2.3 Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use) | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] |
7.2.4 Abstraction of ground water (domestic use) | No | Yes [L] | No | No | No |
7.2.5 Abstraction of ground water (commercial use) | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M,H] | No | Yes [L,M,H] | No |
7.2.6 Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use) | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | No | Yes [L,M] | No |
7.2.8 Small dams | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | No |
7.2.9 Large dams | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | Yes [H] | No |
7.3 Other ecosystem modifications | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
8. Invasive & problematic species, pathogens & genes | |||||
8.1 Invasive nonnative/alien plants & animals | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | No | No | Yes [L,M,H] |
8.2 Problematic native plants & animals | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | No | No | Yes [L,M,H] |
8.4 Pathogens & microbes | Yes [L,M,H] | No | No | No | Yes [L,M,H] |
8.5 Viral/prion‐induced diseases | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
9. Pollution | |||||
9.1 Household sewage & urban waste water | |||||
9.1.1 Sewage | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.1.2 Run‐off | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L] | No | Yes [L] | Yes [L] |
9.2 Industrial & military effluents | |||||
9.2.1 Oil spills | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.2.2 Seepage from mining | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L] | No | Yes [L] | Yes [L] |
9.3 Agricultural & Forestry effluents | |||||
9.3.1 Nutrient loadsee Eutrophication also has known impacts on terrestrial wildlife that use the affected water bodies (Brooks et al., 2016). |
Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | Yes [L] | Yes [L] |
9.3.3 Herbicides and pesticides | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | Yes [L] |
9.4 Garbage & solid waste | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.5 Air‐borne pollutants | |||||
9.5.1 Acid rain | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | No | Yes [L] | Yes [L] |
9.5.2 Smog | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.5.3 Ozone | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.6 Excess energy | |||||
9.6.1 Light pollution | Yes [L] | No | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.6.2 Thermal pollution | Yes [L] | Yes [L] | No | No | Yes [L] |
9.6.3 Noise pollution | Yes [L] | No | No | No | Yes [L] |
10. Geological events | |||||
10.1 Volcanoes | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | No |
10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
10.3 Avalanches/landslides | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
11. Climate change & severe weather | |||||
11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
11.2 Droughts | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
11.3 Temperature extremes | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] | Yes [L,M] |
11.4 Storms & flooding | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] | Yes [L,M,H] |
- a Only those that affect Asian primates are listed here.
- b Level of influence of the threats to primate persistence, L = low, M = moderate, H = high.
- c Shipping lanes here refers to motorized boats and barges plying major rivers and tributaries.
- d Affects primate taxa that swim across rivers and tributaries on a regular basis e.g., Nasalis larvatus (Boonratana, 2013a).
- e Eutrophication also has known impacts on terrestrial wildlife that use the affected water bodies (Brooks et al., 2016).
中文翻译:
勘误表。
当该文章(Boonratana, 2020年)首次在线发表时,威胁没有。表中包括了5.3.1和5.3.2。
应从表中删除相应的两个条目(威胁编号5.3.1和5.3.2)。正确的表1如下所述:
对生物多样性的威胁a 此处仅列出影响亚洲灵长类的动物。 |
威胁灵长类动物 | 威胁灵长类动物的栖息地 | 导致碎片 | 加剧碎片化 | 破碎导致威胁灵长类和灵长类动物栖息地 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.住宅和商业发展 | |||||
1.1住房与市区 | 是[L,M,H] bb 灵长类动物持续存在的威胁的影响程度,L =低,M =中等,H =高。 |
是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
1.2工商业领域 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
1.3旅游休闲区 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
2.农业与水产养殖 | |||||
2.1一年生和多年生非木材作物 | |||||
2.1.1农业转移 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
2.1.2小农农业 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
2.1.3农产品加工业 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] |
2.2木材和纸浆种植园 | |||||
2.2.1小农户人工林 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
2.2.2农用工业人工林 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] |
2.3畜牧业和牧场 | |||||
2.3.1游牧放牧 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 没有 | 可能 | 是的[L,M] |
2.3.2小农放牧,牧场或耕种 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
2.3.3放牧,牧场或耕作的农用工业 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] |
2.4海洋和淡水养殖 | |||||
2.4.1生活/手工水产养殖 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 没有 | 不确定 | 是的[L] |
2.4.2工业水产养殖 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] |
3.能源生产与采矿 | |||||
3.1油气钻探 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 不确定 |
3.2采矿与采石 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[M,H] | 可能 |
3.3可再生能源 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 不确定 |
4.运输和服务通道 | |||||
4.1公路和铁路 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
4.2公用事业和服务线 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
4.3货运通道cc 此处的航道是指在主要河流和支流上行驶的机动船和驳船。 |
是的[L,M] dd 影响灵长类动物类群跨越河流和支流游泳定期例如,鼻肌蝠(Boonratana,2013a)。 |
可能不是 | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
5.生物资源利用 | |||||
5.1狩猎和收集陆生动物 | |||||
5.1.1有意使用(目标是被评估物种) | 是的[M,H] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[M,H] |
5.1.2意外影响(所评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[M,H] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[M,H] |
5.1.3迫害/控制 | 是的[M,H] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[M,H] |
5.2收集陆生植物 | |||||
5.2.2意外影响(所评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
5.3伐木和木材采伐 | |||||
5.3.3意外影响:生存/小规模(被评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] |
5.3.4意外影响:大规模(正在评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[M,H] | 是的[H] | 是的[H] |
5.4捕鱼和收获水生资源 | |||||
5.4.3意外影响:维持生计/小规模(被评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
5.4.4意外影响:大规模(正在评估的物种不是目标) | 是的[L,M] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
6.人为入侵和干扰 | |||||
6.1娱乐活动 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
6.2战争,内乱和军事演习 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
6.3工作及其他活动 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
7.自然系统的修改 | |||||
7.1灭火 | |||||
7.1.1着火频率/强度的增加 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
7.1.2抑制起火频率/强度 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] |
7.2水坝与水管理/使用 | |||||
7.2.1提取地表水(家庭使用) | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
7.2.2提取地表水(商业用途) | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
7.2.3提取地表水(农业用途) | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] |
7.2.4地下水的抽取(家庭使用) | 没有 | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 |
7.2.5提取地下水(商业用途) | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 |
7.2.6提取地下水(农业用途) | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 没有 | 是的[L,M] | 没有 |
7.2.8小水坝 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 没有 |
7.2.9大型水坝 | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 是的[H] | 没有 |
7.3其他生态系统修改 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
8.入侵和有问题的物种,病原体和基因 | |||||
8.1外来非本地/外来动植物 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L,M,H] |
8.2有问题的本地动植物 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L,M,H] |
8.4病原体和微生物 | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L,M,H] |
8.5病毒/ pr病毒引起的疾病 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
9.污染 | |||||
9.1生活污水和城市废水 | |||||
9.1.1污水 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.1.2径流 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] |
9.2工业和军事废水 | |||||
9.2.1漏油 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.2.2采矿渗流 | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] |
9.3农业和林业废水 | |||||
9.3.1营养负荷eË 富营养化也知道,使用受影响水体的陆生野生动物的影响(Brooks等,2016)。 |
是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.3.2水土流失,沉积 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] |
9.3.3除草剂和农药 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 是的[L] |
9.4垃圾与固体废物 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.5空气传播污染物 | |||||
9.5.1酸雨 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] |
9.5.2烟雾 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.5.3臭氧 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.6多余的能量 | |||||
9.6.1光污染 | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.6.2热污染 | 是的[L] | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
9.6.3噪声污染 | 是的[L] | 没有 | 没有 | 没有 | 是的[L] |
10.地质事件 | |||||
10.1火山 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 没有 |
10.2地震/海啸 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
10.3雪崩/山崩 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
11.气候变化与恶劣天气 | |||||
11.1生境转移和改变 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
11.2干旱 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
11.3极端温度 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] | 是的[L,M] |
11.4风暴与洪水 | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] | 是的[L,M,H] |
- a 此处仅列出影响亚洲灵长类的动物。
- b 灵长类动物持续存在的威胁的影响程度,L =低,M =中等,H =高。
- c 此处的航道是指在主要河流和支流上行驶的机动船和驳船。
- d 影响灵长类动物类群跨越河流和支流游泳定期例如,鼻肌蝠(Boonratana,2013a)。
- Ë 富营养化也知道,使用受影响水体的陆生野生动物的影响(Brooks等,2016)。