Lipids are important components for biological organisms by acting as cell membrane matrices and signaling molecules, etc. Lipid analysis and lipidomics investigation play crucial roles in the exploration of lipid's biological functions for biosomes. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the first choice for lipid analysis and lipidomics investigation. The developments of ambient ionization methods give MS the opportunity for rapid, real-time, in situ, and in vivo analysis of complicated samples under ambient conditions, providing novel lipidomics approaches for in-depth investigation of the roles and mechanisms that lipids play for organisms. In this article, we review the published studies of lipid analysis and lipidomics investigation by ambient MS within the last 5 years (from 2015 to 2020). The analytical strategies to achieve lipidomics by various ambient ionization methods are classified for discussion, and their typical applications are commented. Moreover, the precise structural characterizations of lipid carbon-carbon double bond locations and stereospecific numbering positions are highlighted.

脂质通过充当细胞膜基质和信号分子等而成为生物体的重要成分。脂质分析和脂质组学研究在探索脂质体对生物体的生物学功能中起着至关重要的作用。质谱（MS）是脂质分析和脂质组学研究的首选。环境电离方法的发展为MS提供了快速，实时，原位和体内的机会分析环境条件下的复杂样品，为深入研究脂质对生物体的作用和机理提供了新颖的脂质组学方法。在本文中，我们回顾了过去5年（2015年至2020年）通过环境MS进行的脂质分析和脂质组学研究的已发表研究。对通过各种环境电离方法实现脂质组学的分析策略进行了分类讨论，并对它们的典型应用进行了评论。此外，突出了脂质碳-碳双键位置和立体有序编号位置的精确结构特征。