In order to study the effect of l-arginine on testicular development in boars and its underlying mechanism, thirty 30-day-old Duroc boars (7.0 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly allocated to either a basal diet (CON, n = 15) or a 0.8% arginine diet (ARG, n = 15). Blood samples were collected and weight measurements were done regularly to every pig during the experimental period. Testes were collected for histological and proteomic analysis from 150-day-old boars. Results showed that dietary supplementation with arginine significantly increased testicular weight, the number of spermatogonia, and the height of the seminiferous epithelium (P < 0.05). The serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were also significantly increased in the ARG group (P < 0.05). A total of 154 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, 76 of them were upregulated and 78 were downregulated. Mainly enriched metabolic pathways were the mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways. Functional annotation suggested that 18 DEPs were related to male reproduction. Western blotting results further validated the results from proteomics. This study may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which arginine promotes male testicular development.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学分析揭示了参与精氨酸促进公猪睾丸发育的关键蛋白质

为了研究 l-精氨酸对公猪睾丸发育的影响及其潜在机制，30 头 30 日龄杜洛克公猪 (7.0 ± 0.3 kg) 被随机分配到基础日粮 (CON, n = 15) 或0.8% 精氨酸饮食（ARG，n = 15）。在实验期间，收集血液样本并定期测量每头猪的体重。从 150 日龄公猪收集睾丸用于组织学和蛋白质组学分析。结果表明，膳食补充精氨酸可显着增加睾丸重量、精原细胞数量和生精上皮高度（P < 0.05）。ARG组血清促黄体激素（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）水平也显着升高（P < 0.05）。共鉴定出 154 种差异表达蛋白 (DEP)，其中 76 种上调，78 种下调。主要富集的代谢通路是 mTOR 和 Wnt 信号通路。功能注释表明 18 个 DEP 与雄性生殖有关。蛋白质印迹结果进一步验证了蛋白质组学的结果。这项研究可能为精氨酸促进男性睾丸发育的分子机制提供新的见解。