Background

The heterogeneity in detection rates of Human immunodeficiency virus, (HIV), Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women and the continuous exposure to risk factors limits the adoption of preventive and control actions.

Objective

To evaluate the HIV, HTLV, Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence rates, and associated risk factors in parturient women in Salvador, Brazil.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study in 2099 parturient women attended in two public maternity hospitals in Salvador, Brazil. One blood sample was drawn for serological screening and socio-demographic, obstetric and clinical data were collected.

Results

HIV seroprevalence rate was 1.5% (of which 0.6% were new cases); seroprevalence rates for HTLV, HBV, and HCV were 0.4%, 0.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between socio-demographic and behavioral factors with retroviral infections, while viral hepatitis was mainly associated with parenteral exposure. In a multivariate analysis, multiple sexual partners (OR 3.3; 95% CI: 1.1–9.2), history of sexual/domestic violence (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1–6.9), syphilis co-infection (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0–6.9), use of alcohol or drugs (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.5), and low schooling level (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1–4.9) were independent risk factors for HIV infection. History of stillbirth and low birth weight infants was significantly associated with HTLV positive status, showing a negative impact on gestation.

Conclusions

The seroprevalence rates for HIV, HCV, HBV, and HTLV were similar to that found in previous studies in other Brazilian regions. The high individual, socioeconomic, and social vulnerability detected in seropositive parturient women indicates the need to improve coverage and effectiveveness of STDs control with prevention, detection and monitoring strategies, focusing in pregnant women exposed to high biopsychosocial risk.

中文翻译：

---

巴西萨尔瓦多-巴伊亚产妇的血清阳性率及与人类免疫缺陷病毒、人类 T 淋巴细胞病毒和乙型/丙型肝炎感染相关的因素。

 背景

孕妇中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、人类T淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV）以及乙型和丙型肝炎感染检出率的异质性以及持续暴露于危险因素限制了预防和控制行动的采取。

 客观的

旨在评估巴西萨尔瓦多产妇的 HIV、HTLV、乙型和丙型肝炎血清流行率以及相关危险因素。

 方法

这是一项针对 2099 名在巴西萨尔瓦多两家公立妇产医院就诊的产妇的横断面研究。抽取一份血样进行血清学筛查，并收集社会人口统计学、产科和临床数据。

 结果

HIV血清阳性率为1.5%（其中0.6%为新发病例）； HTLV、HBV 和 HCV 的血清阳性率分别为 0.4%、0.4% 和 0.1%。单变量分析显示，社会人口统计学和行为因素与逆转录病毒感染之间存在显着相关性，而病毒性肝炎主要与肠外暴露相关。在多变量分析中，多个性伴侣（OR 3.3；95% CI：1.1-9.2）、性/家庭暴力史（OR 2.8；95% CI：1.1-6.9）、梅毒合并感染（OR 2.6；95%） CI：1.0-6.9）、饮酒或吸毒（OR 2.5；95% CI：1.2-5.5）和受教育程度低（OR 2.3；95% CI：1.1-4.9）是 HIV 感染的独立危险因素。死产和低出生体重婴儿史与 HTLV 阳性状态显着相关，对妊娠产生负面影响。

 结论

HIV、HCV、HBV 和 HTLV 的血清阳性率与之前在巴西其他地区的研究发现的结果相似。在血清反应阳性的产妇中发现的较高的个人、社会经济和社会脆弱性表明，需要通过预防、检测和监测策略来提高性病控制的覆盖率和有效性，重点关注面临高生物心理社会风险的孕妇。