Abstract Thermal structure of the lithosphere exerts a primary control on its strength and density and thereby its dynamic evolution as the outer thermal and mechanic boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This contribution focuses on continental lithosphere. We review constraints on thermal conductivity and heat production, geophysical and geochemical/petrological constraints on thermal structure of the continental lithosphere, as well as steady-state and non-steady state 1D thermal models and their applicability. Commonly used geotherm families that assume that crustal heat production contributes an approximately constant fraction of 25–40% to surface heat flow reproduce the global spread of temperatures and thermal thicknesses of the lithosphere below continents. However, we find that global variations in seismic thickness of continental lithosphere and seismically estimated variations in Moho temperature below the US are more compatible with models where upper crustal heat production is 2–3 times higher than lower crustal heat production (consistent with rock estimates) and the contribution of effective crustal heat production to thermal structure (i.e. estimated by describing thermal structure with steady-state geotherms) varies systematically from 40 to 60% in tectonically stable low surface heat flow regions to 20% or lower in higher heat flow tectonically active regions. The low effective heat production in tectonically active regions is likely partly the expression of a non-steady thermal state and advective heat transport.

中文翻译：

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大陆岩石圈温度：综述

摘要 岩石圈的热结构主要控制其强度和密度，进而控制其作为对流地幔外热力学边界层的动态演化。这一贡献集中在大陆岩石圈上。我们回顾了对热导率和热量产生的约束、对大陆岩石圈热结构的地球物理和地球化学/岩石学约束，以及稳态和非稳态一维热模型及其适用性。假设地壳热量产生对地表热流贡献大约为 25-40% 的恒定比例的常用地热系列重现了大陆下方岩石圈的温度和热厚度的全球传播。然而，我们发现大陆岩石圈地震厚度的全球变化和美国以下莫霍面温度的地震估计变化与上地壳产热比下地壳产热高 2-3 倍（与岩石估计一致）和有效地壳产热对热结构的贡献（即通过用稳态地温描述热结构估计）从构造稳定的低地表热流区的 40% 到 60% 到高热流构造活动区的 20% 或更低有系统地变化。构造活动区的低有效产热可能部分是非稳态热状态和对流热传输的表现。