Abstract This study investigated variations in directional wave parameters by using various combinations of the GNSS buoy data, such as the displacements ( e n η ) and the velocities ( u v w ) in the east, north, and upward directions. The investigated directional wave parameters included mean wave direction, directional spreading, directional wave spectrum, and dominant wave direction (DWD). The three combinations of GNSS buoy data for determining the directional wave parameters were η u v , e n η , and u v w . Our results revealed that when the significant wave height ( H S ) values are ≥ 1 m, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for various measured items are sufficiently large, such that the directional wave parameters obtained from various data, such as e n η , u v w , and η u v , are identical. By contrast, under smooth to slight sea conditions with an H S of e n η data tend to produce inaccurate directional wave parameters. The deviation in the mean wave direction and DWD obtained from the e n η data compared with those obtained from the u v w and η u v data decreases as the H S increases. For small seas, the u v w and η u v data are more appropriate than the e n η data for use in determining directional wave parameters.

中文翻译：

---

从使用 GNSS 浮标测量的数据获得的定向波参数的变化

摘要 本研究利用 GNSS 浮标数据的各种组合，如东、北和向上方向的位移 ( en η ) 和速度 ( uvw )，研究了方向波参数的变化。研究的定向波参数包括平均波方向、定向扩展、定向波谱和主波方向（DWD）。用于确定方向波参数的 GNSS 浮标数据的三种组合是 η uv 、en η 和 uvw 。我们的研究结果表明，当有效波高 (HS) 值≥1 m 时，各种测量项目的信噪比 (SNR) 足够大，使得从各种数据中获得的方向波参数，如 en η 、 uvw 和 η uv 是相同的。相比之下，在平稳到轻微的海况下，具有 en η 数据的 HS 往往会产生不准确的方向波参数。与从 uvw 和 η uv 数据获得的数据相比，从 en η 数据获得的平均波浪方向和 DWD 的偏差随着 HS 的增加而减小。对于小海，uvw 和η uv 数据比en η 数据更适合用于确定方向波参数。