Abstract Globally, bike share schemes are an element of a rapidly changing urban transport landscape. Whilst many docked schemes are now embedded in cities around the world, the recent explosion of dockless systems provides an opportunity to evaluate claims that this form of shared mobility has the potential to alleviate common barriers to cycling, relieve congestion, boost low carbon travel, get people active, and reduce social exclusion. Drawing on a mixed methods study of 2270 online survey respondents and 27 interviews, all living in, working in or visiting Greater Manchester during a trial of dockless bike share, we explore the ways in which the technological, spatial and practical configuration of bike share schemes relate to a city's infrastructure and existing cycling practices. We question assertions that bike share provision necessarily results in increased rates of cycling and enhanced social inclusion. By using a capabilities approach and utlilising the concept of ‘conversion factors’ to describe the differing capacities or opportunities that people have to convert resources at their disposal into ‘capabilities’ or ‘functionings’, we show how the practice of bike sharing can influence a population's propensity to cycle, as well as how bike share interacts with established barriers to cycling. We find that many established barriers to cycling remain relevant, especially environmental factors, and that bike share creates its own additional challenges. We conclude that bike share operators must recognise the role of personal and social conversion factors more explicitly and be sensitive to the social and physical geography of cities, rather than assuming that a ‘one size fits all’ approach is adequate. To do this they should engage more closely with existing bodies, including transport authorities and local authorities, in co-creating bike share systems. Using the capabilities approach enables us to identify ways in which it could be made relevant and accessible to a more diverse population.

中文翻译：

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从摩拜单车到大曼彻斯特的无单车：使用能力方法探索欧洲第一波无桩共享单车浪潮

摘要 在全球范围内，自行车共享计划是快速变化的城市交通景观的一个要素。虽然现在世界各地的城市中都有许多停靠计划，但最近无停靠系统的爆炸式增长提供了一个机会来评估这种形式的共享出行有可能减轻骑自行车的常见障碍，缓解拥堵，促进低碳旅行，获得人积极，减少社会排斥。通过对 2270 名在线调查受访者和 27 次访谈的混合方法研究，他们都在无桩共享单车试用期间居住、工作或访问大曼彻斯特，我们探索了共享单车计划的技术、空间和实用配置方式与城市的基础设施和现有的自行车实践有关。我们质疑共享单车供应必然会导致骑车率增加和社会包容性提高的说法。通过使用能力方法并利用“转换因素”的概念来描述人们必须将可支配的资源转换为“能力”或“功能”的不同能力或机会，我们展示了共享单车的实践如何影响人口的骑车倾向，以及共享单车如何与既定的骑车障碍相互作用。我们发现骑自行车的许多既定障碍仍然存在，尤其是环境因素，而自行车共享本身也带来了额外的挑战。我们得出的结论是，共享单车运营商必须更明确地认识到个人和社会转换因素的作用，并对城市的社会和自然地理敏感，而不是假设“一刀切”的方法就足够了。为此，他们应该与现有机构（包括交通当局和地方当局）更密切地合作，共同创建共享单车系统。使用能力方法使我们能够确定如何使其与更多样化的人群相关并可以访问。