There is a lack of evidence about the effect of different type of foot orthoses on plantar surface temperature. Moreover, that effect could be different depending on gender due to anatomical and physiological differences between men and women. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a prefabricated thermoformable foot orthosis on plantar surface temperature after running and taking gender differences into account. Thirty recreational runners (15 males, mean (standard deviation): 28 (7) years, 69.7 (6.5) kg, 1.74 (0.05) cm and 22.9 (1.7) kg/m2; and 15 females: 35 (7) years, 55.2 (6.9) kg, 1.63 (0.06) cm and 20.6 (1.9) kg/m2) carried out a maximum incremental test as pre-test, and two running tests on a treadmill at the laboratory wearing previously randomized different foot orthoses (thermoformable and prefabricated generic). The plantar surface temperature of the dominant foot sole in ten regions of interest was assessed before and immediately after 30-min running at 75% of VO2max. The use of thermoformable foot orthoses produced lower temperatures only in men after the run in medial heel (P = 0.033, ES = 0.7), which then disappeared in temperature variation (after - before) (P = 0.910). Regarding gender, women showed lower temperatures before the run in both orthosis conditions (P < 0.039, ES > 0.8), but no differences in temperatures after the run (P = 0.910) in comparison with men. Moreover, absolute temperatures after running were always greater than before the run (P < 0.001, ES > 5.0). In conclusion, the thermoformable foot orthoses do not modify plantar surface temperature after running in healthy runners of either gender, compared to prefabricated generic foot orthoses. Although women present lower baseline plantar temperatures than men, these differences disappear after exercise.

中文翻译：

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预制热成型足部矫形器对跑步后足底表面温度的影响：性别比较

缺乏关于不同类型足部矫形器对足底表面温度影响的证据。此外，由于男性和女性之间的解剖和生理差异，这种影响可能因性别而异。该研究的目的是分析预制热成型足部矫形器对跑步后足底表面温度的影响，并考虑到性别差异。三十名休闲跑者（男性 15 名，平均（标准差）：28 (7) 岁，69.7 (6.5) 公斤，1.74 (0.05) 厘米和 22.9 (1.7) 公斤/平方米；15 名女性：35 (7) 岁，55.2 (6.9) kg、1.63 (0.06) cm 和 20.6 (1.9) kg/m2）进行了最大增量测试作为预测试，并在实验室的跑步机上进行了两次跑步测试，他们穿着之前随机化的不同足部矫形器（热成型和预制）通用的）。在以 75% 的 VO2max 跑步 30 分钟之前和之后立即评估 10 个感兴趣区域的主要足底的足底表面温度。使用可热成型足部矫形器仅在男性脚后跟内侧跑步后产生较低的温度（P = 0.033，ES = 0.7），然后在温度变化（之后 - 之前）中消失（P = 0.910）。关于性别，在两种矫形器条件下，女性在跑步前的体温较低（P < 0.039，ES > 0.8），但与男性相比，跑步后的体温没有差异（P = 0.910）。此外，运行后的绝对温度总是高于运行前（P < 0.001，ES > 5.0）。总之，热成型足部矫形器在任何性别的健康跑步者中跑步后都不会改变足底表面温度，与预制的通用足部矫形器相比。尽管女性的基线足底温度低于男性，但这些差异在运动后就会消失。