Abstract Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems are equipped with Cyber-Physical Systems that are characterized by a strong interlinkage between the real world and the digital one: actions in one world have an impact on the other. In this paradigm, Digital Twins (DT) are defined as simulation models that are both getting data from the field and triggering actions on the physical equipment. However, most of the claimed DT in literature are only replicating the real system in a synchronized fashion, without feeding back actions on the control system of the equipment. In literature, these are referred to as Digital Shadows (DS). The paper proposes a way to integrate a DS simulation model with the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) in this way creating a DT. The MES-integrated DT is used for decision making thanks to the presence of an intelligence layer that hosts the rules and the knowledge to choose among alternatives. The paper proposes two frameworks based on the MES-integrated DT: one for managing error states and one for triggering disassembly processes as a consequence of low assembly quality. The DT simulation is developed and integrated with the MES of the Industry 4.0 Laboratory at the School of Management of Politecnico di Milano, where the proposed frameworks have been tested and validated.

中文翻译：

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集成 MES 的数字孪生框架

摘要 基于工业 4.0 的制造系统配备了网络物理系统，其特点是现实世界和数字世界之间有很强的相互联系：一个世界的行动会对另一个世界产生影响。在这种范式中，数字孪生 (DT) 被定义为模拟模型，它既可以从现场获取数据，又可以在物理设备上触发操作。然而，文献中大多数声称的 DT 只是以同步方式复制真实系统，而没有反馈设备控制系统上的动作。在文献中，这些被称为数字阴影 (DS)。本文提出了一种将 DS 仿真模型与制造执行系统 ​​(MES) 集成的方法，以这种方式创建 DT。集成 MES 的 DT 用于决策制定，这要归功于智能层的存在，该层托管规则和在备选方案中进行选择的知识。本文提出了两种基于 MES 集成 DT 的框架：一种用于管理错误状态，一种用于由于装配质量低而触发拆卸过程。DT 模拟是在米兰理工大学管理学院工业 4.0 实验室的 MES 中开发和集成的，所提出的框架已经过测试和验证。