Abstract Cyber-physical production systems enable adaptivity and flexibility when manufacturing customized products in small batches. Due to varying routes and a high variance of workpieces, material flows in cyber-physical production systems can get highly complex, which can lead to physically induced disturbances that can result in accidents or decreased throughput and high costs. This issue can be addressed by applying a physics engine to simulate the physical interaction between workpieces and the material handling systems during the operation. Connecting such a digital model to a real material handling system in order to derive simulation-based decision support leads to the concept of digital twins. To date, few practical implementations of digital twins in manufacturing outside the machine tool domain were reported. Therefore, this paper describes the modeling and the subsequent implementation of an integrated system that consists of a real material handling system and its digital twin, based on physics simulation. A practical use case demonstrates the versatile advantages of the implemented solution for a manufacturing system with respect to the three digital twin functions prediction, monitoring and diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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基于物理模拟的物料流数字孪生建模与实现

摘要 信息物理生产系统在小批量制造定制产品时具有适应性和灵活性。由于不同的路线和工件的高度差异，信息物理生产系统中的物料流会变得非常复杂，这可能导致物理诱导的干扰，从而导致事故或吞吐量下降和高成本。这个问题可以通过应用物理引擎来模拟操作过程中工件和材料处理系统之间的物理交互来解决。将这样的数字模型连接到真实的物料搬运系统以获得基于模拟的决策支持，从而产生了数字孪生的概念。迄今为止，在机床领域之外的制造业中几乎没有报道过数字孪生的实际实施。所以，本文描述了基于物理模拟的集成系统的建模和后续实施，该系统由真实的材料处理系统及其数字孪生组成。一个实际用例展示了制造系统实施解决方案在三个数字孪生功能预测、监控和诊断方面的多功能优势。