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Evaluating Rainfall Datasets to Reconstruct Floods in Data-Sparse Himalayan Region
Journal of Hydrology ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125090
I. Chawla , P.P. Mujumdar

Abstract Floods are widespread natural disasters having significant socio-economic impacts and require appropriate modelling and management strategies. Flood modelling is an enduring challenge, especially over the data-sparse mountainous regions such as the Himalayas, due to the lack of accurate rainfall measurements. Global datasets are often employed for flood modelling; however, their applicability over the Himalayan terrain is still uncertain. In this regard, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather prediction model is increasingly used to obtain reliable rainfall estimates. This work aims at evaluating the performance of different reanalysis datasets, satellite product, and the WRF model to represent heavy rainfall over the Himalayan terrain. Further, these datasets are used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model to assess their ability to reconstruct floods in the Himalayan region. A Rainfall-Flood Skill Score (RFSS) is proposed in this work to rank different rainfall datasets in the order of their ability to represent flooding in the region. The range of RFSS can vary from -∞ to 1, with positive values as the desired value. The analysis is conducted over the upstream part of the Upper Ganga Basin, spanning from high elevation mountains to the foothills of the Himalayas for three heavy rainfall events that caused flooding in the region. Quantitative evaluation of rainfall datasets in terms of bias, RMSE, and scale errors shows high spatial variability with different datasets performing differently over various regions of the study area. The topography is observed to influence the performance of rainfall datasets. Based on the error metrics, it is found that the rainfall simulated using the WRF model exhibits least error in high elevation and valley regions of the Himalayas, whereas, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR, in some cases) datasets can capture the rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas. On forcing the VIC model with these datasets, the WRF model with a moderate resolution of 9 km is found to have an overall highest RFSS score of 0.97 among all the datasets and, therefore, considered most suitable for simulating floods in the study region.

中文翻译:

评估降雨数据集以重建数据稀疏的喜马拉雅地区的洪水

摘要 洪水是一种广泛存在的自然灾害,具有重大的社会经济影响,需要适当的建模和管理策略。由于缺乏准确的降雨量测量,洪水建模是一项持久的挑战,尤其是在喜马拉雅山等数据稀少的山区。全球数据集通常用于洪水建模;然而,它们在喜马拉雅地区的适用性仍然不确定。在这方面,天气研究和预测 (WRF) 数值天气预报模型越来越多地用于获得可靠的降雨量估计。这项工作旨在评估不同再分析数据集、卫星产品和 WRF 模型的性能,以表示喜马拉雅地形上的强降雨。更多,这些数据集用于驱动可变渗透能力 (VIC) 水文模型,以评估其重建喜马拉雅地区洪水的能力。在这项工作中提出了降雨-洪水技能评分 (RFSS),以按照代表该地区洪水的能力对不同的降雨数据集进行排名。RFSS 的范围可以从 -∞ 到 1,以正值作为所需值。分析是在上恒河盆地上游部分进行的,从高海拔山脉到喜马拉雅山脚下,发生了三个导致该地区洪水泛滥的强降雨事件。在偏差、RMSE 和尺度误差方面对降雨数据集的定量评估表明,不同的数据集在研究区域的不同区域表现不同,具有很高的空间变异性。观察到的地形会影响降雨数据集的性能。根据误差度量发现,使用 WRF 模型模拟的降雨在喜马拉雅山的高海拔和山谷地区误差最小,而热带降雨测量任务 (TRMM) 多卫星降水分析 (TMPA) 和气候预测系统再分析(CFSR,在某些情况下)数据集可以捕获喜马拉雅山脚下的降雨量。在使用这些数据集强制 VIC 模型时,发现具有 9 公里中等分辨率的 WRF 模型在所有数据集中具有 0.97 的整体最高 RFSS 分数,因此被认为最适合模拟研究区域的洪水。发现使用 WRF 模型模拟的降雨在喜马拉雅山的高海拔和山谷地区误差最小,而热带降雨测量任务 (TRMM) 多卫星降水分析 (TMPA) 和气候预测系统再分析 (CFSR,在某些情况下) ) 数据集可以捕获喜马拉雅山脚下的降雨量。在使用这些数据集强制 VIC 模型时,发现具有 9 公里中等分辨率的 WRF 模型在所有数据集中具有 0.97 的整体最高 RFSS 分数,因此被认为最适合模拟研究区域的洪水。发现使用 WRF 模型模拟的降雨在喜马拉雅山的高海拔和山谷地区误差最小,而热带降雨测量任务 (TRMM) 多卫星降水分析 (TMPA) 和气候预测系统再分析 (CFSR,在某些情况下) ) 数据集可以捕获喜马拉雅山脚下的降雨量。在使用这些数据集强制 VIC 模型时,发现具有 9 公里中等分辨率的 WRF 模型在所有数据集中具有 0.97 的整体最高 RFSS 分数,因此被认为最适合模拟研究区域的洪水。在某些情况下)数据集可以捕获喜马拉雅山脚下的降雨量。在使用这些数据集强制 VIC 模型时,发现具有 9 公里中等分辨率的 WRF 模型在所有数据集中具有 0.97 的总体最高 RFSS 分数,因此被认为最适合模拟研究区域的洪水。在某些情况下)数据集可以捕获喜马拉雅山脚下的降雨量。在使用这些数据集强制 VIC 模型时,发现具有 9 公里中等分辨率的 WRF 模型在所有数据集中具有 0.97 的整体最高 RFSS 分数,因此被认为最适合模拟研究区域的洪水。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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