The finite element method is used to simulate the navigation of an ice-area bulk carrier in broken ice fields. The ice material is defined as elastic, and the simulations are accomplished at four model speeds and three ice concentrations. The movements of ice floes in the simulation are consistent with those in the model test, and the percentage deviation of the numerical ice resistance from the ice resistance in the model test can be controlled to be less than 15 %. The key characteristics of ice loads, including the average ice loads, extreme ice loads, and characteristic frequency, are analyzed thoroughly in a comprehensive manner. Moreover, the effects of sailing speed and ice concentration on the ice loads are analyzed. In particular, the stress distribution of ice floes is presented to help understand how model speed and concentration affect the ice loads. The “ice pressure” phenomenon is observed at 90 % ice concentration, and it is realistically reflected both in the time–and frequency–domain ice force curves.

有限元方法用于模拟破冰场中冰区散货船的航行。将冰材料定义为弹性材料，并在四种模型速度和三种冰浓度下完成仿真。模拟中的浮冰运动与模型试验中的一致，并且可以将模型试验中的数值抗冰性与抗冰性的百分比偏差控制为小于15％。全面分析了冰负荷的关键特征，包括平均冰负荷，极限冰负荷和特征频率。此外，分析了航行速度和冰浓度对冰负荷的影响。尤其是，提出了浮冰的应力分布，以帮助了解模型速度和浓度如何影响冰负荷。在90％的冰浓度下观察到“冰压”现象，并且在时域和频域的冰力曲线中都得到了实际反映。